commons学习（二）StringUtils

取得commons-lang-2.1.jar后加入自己工程的lib目录就可以了.如果用户不允许使用commons，那末打开其源码把具体函数加入自己的代码也可以，当然需要尊重人家的知识产权。

以下代码经过测试,测试环境(WinXp+Eclipse3.1+JDK1.5+commons-lang-2.1)，我在有些地方修改了一下。


Jakarta Commons Cookbook—01—Manipulating Text
Commons之字符串操作
要利用Jakarta Commons来进行字符串操作,首先需要加载需要用到的包:
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.WordUtils;

以下是StringUtils的各项用法
1.空字符串检查
使用函数: StringUtils.isBlank(testString)
函数介绍: 当testString为空,长度为零或者仅由空白字符(whitespace)组成时,返回True;否则返回False
例程:

    String test = "";
    String test2 = "\n\n\t";
    String test3 = null;
    String test4 = "Test";

    System.out.println( "test blank? " + StringUtils.isBlank( test ) );
    System.out.println( "test2 blank? " + StringUtils.isBlank( test2 ) );
    System.out.println( "test3 blank? " + StringUtils.isBlank( test3 ) );
    System.out.println( "test4 blank? " + StringUtils.isBlank( test4 ) );

输出如下:
test blank? true
test2 blank? true
test3 blank? true
test4 blank? False
函数StringUtils.isNotBlank(testString)的功能与StringUtils.isBlank(testString)相反.


2.清除空白字符
使用函数: StringUtils.trimToNull(testString)
函数介绍:清除掉testString首尾的空白字符,如果仅testString全由空白字符
(whitespace)组成则返回null
例程:

  String test1 = "\t";
    String test2 = "  A  Test  ";
    String test3 = null;

    System.out.println( "test1 trimToNull: " + StringUtils.trimToNull( test1 ) );
    System.out.println( "test2 trimToNull: " + StringUtils.trimToNull( test2 ) );
    System.out.println( "test3 trimToNull: " + StringUtils.trimToNull( test3 ) );

输出如下:
test1 trimToNull: null
test2 trimToNull: A Test
test3 trimToNull: null

注意：函数StringUtils.trim(testString)与
StringUtils.trimToNull(testString)功能类似，但testString由空白字符
(whitespace)组成时返回零长度字符串。


3.取得字符串的缩写
使用函数: StringUtils.abbreviate(testString,width)和StringUtils.abbreviate(testString,offset，width)
函数介绍:在给定的width内取得testString的缩写,当testString的长度小于width则返回原字符串.
例程:

    String test = "This is a test of the abbreviation.";
    String test2 = "Test";

    System.out.println( StringUtils.abbreviate( test, 15 ) );
    System.out.println( StringUtils.abbreviate( test, 5,15 ) );
    System.out.println( StringUtils.abbreviate( test2, 10 ) );

输出如下:
This is a te...
...is a test...
Test

4.劈分字符串
使用函数: StringUtils.split(testString,splitChars,arrayLength)
函数介绍:splitChars中可以包含一系列的字符串来劈分testString,并可以设定得
到数组的长度.注意设定长度arrayLength和劈分字符串间有抵触关系,建议一般情况下
不要设定长度.
例程:

    String input = "A b,c.d|e";
    String input2 = "Pharmacy, basketball funky";


    String[] array1 = StringUtils.split( input, " ,.|");
    String[] array2 = StringUtils.split( input2, " ,", 2 );


    System.out.println( ArrayUtils.toString( array1 ) );
    System.out.println( ArrayUtils.toString( array2 ) );

输出如下:
{A,b,c,d,e}
{Pharmacy,basketball funky}

5.查找嵌套字符串
使用函数:StringUtils.substringBetween(testString,header,tail)
函数介绍：在testString中取得header和tail之间的字符串。不存在则返回空
例程：

    String htmlContent = "ABC1234ABC4567";
    System.out.println(StringUtils.substringBetween(htmlContent, "1234", "4567"));
    System.out.println(StringUtils.substringBetween(htmlContent, "12345", "4567"));

输出如下：
ABC
null


6.去除尾部换行符
使用函数:StringUtils.chomp(testString)
函数介绍:去除testString尾部的换行符
例程:

    String input = "Hello\n";
    System.out.println( StringUtils.chomp( input ));
    String input2 = "Another test\r\n";
    System.out.println( StringUtils.chomp( input2 ));

输出如下:
Hello
Another test


7.重复字符串
使用函数:StringUtils.repeat(repeatString,count)
函数介绍:得到将repeatString重复count次后的字符串
例程:

System.out.println( StringUtils.repeat( "*", 10));
    System.out.println( StringUtils.repeat( "China ", 5));

输出如下:
**********
China China China China China

其他函数:StringUtils.center( testString, count,repeatString );
函数介绍:把testString插入将repeatString重复多次后的字符串中间,得到字符串
的总长为count
例程:
System.out.println( StringUtils.center( "China", 11,"*"));
输出如下:
***China***


8.颠倒字符串
使用函数:StringUtils.reverse(testString)
函数介绍:得到testString中字符颠倒后的字符串
例程:
System.out.println( StringUtils.reverse("ABCDE"));
输出如下:
EDCBA

9.判断字符串内容的类型
函数介绍:
StringUtils.isNumeric( testString ) :如果testString全由数字组成返回True
StringUtils.isAlpha( testString ) :如果testString全由字母组成返回True
StringUtils.isAlphanumeric( testString ) :如果testString全由数字或数字组
成返回True
StringUtils.isAlphaspace( testString ) :如果testString全由字母或空格组
成返回True

例程:

String state = "Virginia";
    System.out.println( "Is state number? " + StringUtils.isNumeric(
state ) );
    System.out.println( "Is state alpha? " + StringUtils.isAlpha( state )
);
    System.out.println( "Is state alphanumeric? " +StringUtils.isAlphanumeric( state ) );
    System.out.println( "Is state alphaspace? " + StringUtils.isAlphaSpace( state ) );

输出如下:
Is state number? false
Is state alpha? true
Is state alphanumeric? true
Is state alphaspace? true

10.取得某字符串在另一字符串中出现的次数
使用函数:StringUtils.countMatches(testString,seqString)
函数介绍:取得seqString在testString中出现的次数,未发现则返回零
例程:
System.out.println(StringUtils.countMatches( "Chinese People", "e"
));
输出:
4

11.部分截取字符串
使用函数:
StringUtils.substringBetween(testString,fromString,toString ):取得两字符
之间的字符串
StringUtils.substringAfter( ):取得指定字符串后的字符串
StringUtils.substringBefore( )：取得指定字符串之前的字符串
StringUtils.substringBeforeLast( )：取得最后一个指定字符串之前的字符串
StringUtils.substringAfterLast( )：取得最后一个指定字符串之后的字符串

函数介绍：上面应该都讲明白了吧。
例程：

String formatted = " 25 * (30,40) [50,60] | 30";
    System.out.print("N0: " + StringUtils.substringBeforeLast( formatted, "*" ) );
    System.out.print(", N1: " + StringUtils.substringBetween( formatted, "(", "," ) );
    System.out.print(", N2: " + StringUtils.substringBetween( formatted, ",", ")" ) );
    System.out.print(", N3: " + StringUtils.substringBetween( formatted, "[", "," ) );
    System.out.print(", N4: " + StringUtils.substringBetween( formatted, ",", "]" ) );
    System.out.print(", N5: " + StringUtils.substringAfterLast( formatted, "|" ) );

输出如下：
N0: 25 , N1: 30, N2: 40, N3: 50, N4: 40) [50,60, N5: 30

看commons包时的相关练习,可以用这个包提高编码效率。

package org.raistlin.test.apache;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;

import org.apache.commons.lang.ArrayUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.CharSet;
import org.apache.commons.lang.CharSetUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.ClassUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.ObjectUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.RandomStringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.SerializationUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringEscapeUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.SystemUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.EqualsBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.HashCodeBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.ToStringBuilder;
import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.ToStringStyle;
import org.apache.commons.lang.math.NumberUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.time.DateFormatUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.time.DateUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang.time.StopWatch;

public class LangDemo
{
    public void charSetDemo()
    {
        System.out.println("**CharSetDemo**");
        CharSet charSet = CharSet.getInstance("aeiou");
        String demoStr = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.";
        int count = 0;
        for (int i = 0, len = demoStr.length(); i < len; i++)
        {
            if (charSet.contains(demoStr.charAt(i)))
            {
                count++;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("count: " + count);
    }

    public void charSetUtilsDemo()
    {
        System.out.println("**CharSetUtilsDemo**");
        System.out.println("计算字符串中包含某字符数.");
        System.out.println(CharSetUtils.count(
                "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", "aeiou"));

        System.out.println("删除字符串中某字符.");
        System.out.println(CharSetUtils.delete(
                "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", "aeiou"));

        System.out.println("保留字符串中某字符.");
        System.out.println(CharSetUtils.keep(
                "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", "aeiou"));

        System.out.println("合并重复的字符.");
        System.out.println(CharSetUtils.squeeze("a  bbbbbb     c dd", "b d"));
    }

    public void objectUtilsDemo()
    {
        System.out.println("**ObjectUtilsDemo**");
        System.out.println("Object为null时，默认打印某字符.");
        Object obj = null;
        System.out.println(ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(obj, "空"));

        System.out.println("验证两个引用是否指向的Object是否相等,取决于Object的equals()方法.");
        Object a = new Object();
        Object b = a;
        Object c = new Object();
        System.out.println(ObjectUtils.equals(a, b));
        System.out.println(ObjectUtils.equals(a, c));

        System.out.println("用父类Object的toString()方法返回对象信息.");
        Date date = new Date();
        System.out.println(ObjectUtils.identityToString(date));
        System.out.println(date);

        System.out.println("返回类本身的toString()方法结果,对象为null时，返回0长度字符串.");
        System.out.println(ObjectUtils.toString(date));
        System.out.println(ObjectUtils.toString(null));
        System.out.println(date);
    }

    public void serializationUtilsDemo()
    {
        System.out.println("*SerializationUtils**");
        Date date = new Date();
        byte[] bytes = SerializationUtils.serialize(date);
        System.out.println(ArrayUtils.toString(bytes));
        System.out.println(date);

        Date reDate = (Date) SerializationUtils.deserialize(bytes);
        System.out.println(reDate);
        System.out.println(ObjectUtils.equals(date, reDate));
        System.out.println(date == reDate);

        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        try
        {
            fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("d:/test.txt"));
            fis = new FileInputStream(new File("d:/test.txt"));
            SerializationUtils.serialize(date, fos);
            Date reDate2 = (Date) SerializationUtils.deserialize(fis);

            System.out.println(date.equals(reDate2));

        }
        catch (FileNotFoundException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally
        {
            try
            {
                fos.close();
                fis.close();
            }
            catch (IOException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }

    public void randomStringUtilsDemo()
    {
        System.out.println("**RandomStringUtilsDemo**");
        System.out.println("生成指定长度的随机字符串,好像没什么用.");
        System.out.println(RandomStringUtils.random(500));

        System.out.println("在指定字符串中生成长度为n的随机字符串.");
        System.out.println(RandomStringUtils.random(5, "abcdefghijk"));

        System.out.println("指定从字符或数字中生成随机字符串.");
        System.out.println(RandomStringUtils.random(5, true, false));
        System.out.println(RandomStringUtils.random(5, false, true));

    }

    public void stringUtilsDemo()
    {
        System.out.println("**StringUtilsDemo**");
        System.out.println("将字符串重复n次，将文字按某宽度居中，将字符串数组用某字符串连接.");
        String[] header = new String[3];
        header[0] = StringUtils.repeat("*", 50);
        header[1] = StringUtils.center("  StringUtilsDemo  ", 50, "^O^");
        header[2] = header[0];
        String head = StringUtils.join(header, "\n");
        System.out.println(head);

        System.out.println("缩短到某长度,用...结尾.");
        System.out.println(StringUtils.abbreviate(
                "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", 10));
        System.out.println(StringUtils.abbreviate(
                "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", 15, 10));

        System.out.println("返回两字符串不同处索引号.");
        System.out.println(StringUtils.indexOfDifference("aaabc", "aaacc"));

        System.out.println("返回两字符串不同处开始至结束.");
        System.out.println(StringUtils.difference("aaabcde", "aaaccde"));

        System.out.println("截去字符串为以指定字符串结尾的部分.");
        System.out.println(StringUtils.chomp("aaabcde", "de"));

        System.out.println("检查一字符串是否为另一字符串的子集.");
        System.out.println(StringUtils.containsOnly("aad", "aadd"));

        System.out.println("检查一字符串是否不是另一字符串的子集.");
        System.out.println(StringUtils.containsNone("defg", "aadd"));

        System.out.println("检查一字符串是否包含另一字符串.");
        System.out.println(StringUtils.contains("defg", "ef"));
        System.out.println(StringUtils.containsOnly("ef", "defg"));

        System.out.println("返回可以处理null的toString().");
        System.out.println(StringUtils.defaultString("aaaa"));
        System.out.println("?" + StringUtils.defaultString(null) + "!");

        System.out.println("去除字符中的空格.");
        System.out.println(StringUtils.deleteWhitespace("aa  bb  cc"));

        System.out.println("判断是否是某类字符.");
        System.out.println(StringUtils.isAlpha("ab"));
        System.out.println(StringUtils.isAlphanumeric("12"));
        System.out.println(StringUtils.isBlank(""));
        System.out.println(StringUtils.isNumeric("123"));
    }

    public void systemUtilsDemo()
    {
        System.out.println(genHeader("SystemUtilsDemo"));
        System.out.println("获得系统文件分隔符.");
        System.out.println(SystemUtils.FILE_SEPARATOR);

        System.out.println("获得源文件编码.");
        System.out.println(SystemUtils.FILE_ENCODING);

        System.out.println("获得ext目录.");
        System.out.println(SystemUtils.JAVA_EXT_DIRS);

        System.out.println("获得java版本.");
        System.out.println(SystemUtils.JAVA_VM_VERSION);

        System.out.println("获得java厂商.");
        System.out.println(SystemUtils.JAVA_VENDOR);
    }

    public void classUtilsDemo()
    {
        System.out.println(genHeader("ClassUtilsDemo"));
        System.out.println("获取类实现的所有接口.");
        System.out.println(ClassUtils.getAllInterfaces(Date.class));

        System.out.println("获取类所有父类.");
        System.out.println(ClassUtils.getAllSuperclasses(Date.class));

        System.out.println("获取简单类名.");
        System.out.println(ClassUtils.getShortClassName(Date.class));

        System.out.println("获取包名.");
        System.out.println(ClassUtils.getPackageName(Date.class));

        System.out.println("判断是否可以转型.");
        System.out.println(ClassUtils.isAssignable(Date.class, Object.class));
        System.out.println(ClassUtils.isAssignable(Object.class, Date.class));
    }

    public void stringEscapeUtilsDemo()
    {
        System.out.println(genHeader("StringEcsapeUtils"));
        System.out.println("转换特殊字符.");
        System.out.println("html:" + StringEscapeUtils.escapeHtml(" 

"));
        System.out.println("html:"
                + StringEscapeUtils.unescapeHtml("<p>"));
    }

    private final class BuildDemo
    {
        String name;

        int age;

        public BuildDemo(String name, int age)
        {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
        }

        public String toString()
        {
            ToStringBuilder tsb = new ToStringBuilder(this,
                    ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE);
            tsb.append("Name", name);
            tsb.append("Age", age);
            return tsb.toString();
        }

        public int hashCode()
        {
            HashCodeBuilder hcb = new HashCodeBuilder();
            hcb.append(name);
            hcb.append(age);
            return hcb.hashCode();
        }

        public boolean equals(Object obj)
        {
            if (!(obj instanceof BuildDemo))
            {
                return false;
            }
            BuildDemo bd = (BuildDemo) obj;
            EqualsBuilder eb = new EqualsBuilder();
            eb.append(name, bd.name);
            eb.append(age, bd.age);
            return eb.isEquals();
        }
    }

    public void builderDemo()
    {
        System.out.println(genHeader("BuilderDemo"));
        BuildDemo obj1 = new BuildDemo("a", 1);
        BuildDemo obj2 = new BuildDemo("b", 2);
        BuildDemo obj3 = new BuildDemo("a", 1);

        System.out.println("toString()");
        System.out.println(obj1);
        System.out.println(obj2);
        System.out.println(obj3);

        System.out.println("hashCode()");
        System.out.println(obj1.hashCode());
        System.out.println(obj2.hashCode());
        System.out.println(obj3.hashCode());

        System.out.println("equals()");
        System.out.println(obj1.equals(obj2));
        System.out.println(obj1.equals(obj3));
    }

    public void numberUtils()
    {
        System.out.println(genHeader("NumberUtils"));
        System.out.println("字符串转为数字(不知道有什么用).");
        System.out.println(NumberUtils.stringToInt("ba", 33));

        System.out.println("从数组中选出最大值.");
        System.out.println(NumberUtils.max(new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 }));

        System.out.println("判断字符串是否全是整数.");
        System.out.println(NumberUtils.isDigits("123.1"));

        System.out.println("判断字符串是否是有效数字.");
        System.out.println(NumberUtils.isNumber("0123.1"));
    }

    public void dateFormatUtilsDemo()
    {
        System.out.println(genHeader("DateFormatUtilsDemo"));
        System.out.println("格式化日期输出.");
        System.out.println(DateFormatUtils.format(System.currentTimeMillis(),
                "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));

        System.out.println("秒表.");
        StopWatch sw = new StopWatch();
        sw.start();

        for (Iterator iterator = DateUtils.iterator(new Date(),
                DateUtils.RANGE_WEEK_CENTER); iterator.hasNext();)
        {
            Calendar cal = (Calendar) iterator.next();
            System.out.println(DateFormatUtils.format(cal.getTime(),
                    "yy-MM-dd HH:mm"));
        }

        sw.stop();
        System.out.println("秒表计时:" + sw.getTime());

    }

    private String genHeader(String head)
    {
        String[] header = new String[3];
        header[0] = StringUtils.repeat("*", 50);
        header[1] = StringUtils.center("  " + head + "  ", 50, "^O^");
        header[2] = header[0];
        return StringUtils.join(header, "\n");
    }

    /**
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        LangDemo langDemo = new LangDemo();

        langDemo.charSetDemo();
        langDemo.charSetUtilsDemo();
        langDemo.objectUtilsDemo();
        langDemo.serializationUtilsDemo();
        langDemo.randomStringUtilsDemo();
        langDemo.stringUtilsDemo();
        langDemo.systemUtilsDemo();
        langDemo.classUtilsDemo();
        langDemo.stringEscapeUtilsDemo();
        langDemo.builderDemo();
        langDemo.numberUtils();
        langDemo.dateFormatUtilsDemo();

    }

}