IO文件读写具体操作

字符流

OutputStream

把内存中的数据写入到硬盘的文件

1 写入单个字符

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("//Users/jiangcheng/Desktop/a.txt");
        fos.write(97);//当写入硬盘的时候会把十进制的数据变成二进制 97---1100001
        fos.close();
    }
//当打开a.txt的时候，会发现写入的是a，这是因为任意文本编辑器打开文件都回去查询编码表，把字节转换为字符表示

2 写入多个字符

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("//Users/jiangcheng/Desktop/a.txt");
        byte[] bytes = {65, 66, 67, 68, 69};//文件内容是ABCDE
  //如果写的第一个字节为负数，则第一个负数和第二个字节会组成一个中文显示，查询系统默认GBK表
        fos.write(bytes);
        fos.close();
    }

3 写入字符串

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("//Users/jiangcheng/Desktop/a.txt");
    byte[] bytes = "你好".getBytes();//把字符串转为字节数组
    fos.write(bytes);
    fos.close();
}

4 追加写/续写

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("//Users/jiangcheng/Desktop/a.txt", true);
  //true：创建对象不会覆盖文件，继续在文件末尾追加写数据
  //false 创建新文件，覆盖原文件
    byte[] bytes = "你好".getBytes();
    fos.write(bytes);
    fos.close();
}

5换行操作

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("//Users/jiangcheng/Desktop/a.txt", true);
    byte[] bytes = "你好".getBytes();
    fos.write(bytes);
    String nextLine = System.getProperty("line.separator");
    fos.write(nextLine.getBytes());
    fos.write(bytes);
    fos.close();
}

InputStream

把硬盘数据读取到内存中使用
1 读取单个字符

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("//Users/jiangcheng/Desktop/a.txt");
    int len =0;
    while ((len = fis.read()) != -1) {
        System.out.println(len);
    }
    fis.close();
}

2 读取多个字符

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
  //文件内容为abc
    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("//Users/jiangcheng/Desktop/a.txt");
    byte[] bytes = new byte[2];
    int len=fis.read(bytes);//代表读取字符的长度
    System.out.println(len);//2 
    System.out.println(Arrays.toString(bytes));//97 98
    System.out.println(new String(bytes));//a b
    fis.close();
}

3 读取多个字符

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("//Users/jiangcheng/Desktop/a.txt");
    byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
    int len = 0;
    while ((len = fis.read(bytes)) != 1) {
        System.out.println(new String(bytes,0,len));
    }
    fis.close();
}

字节流

当使用字节流的时候，遇到中文字符，可能会显示不完整的字符，那是因为一个中文字符可能占多个字节存储，所以要用字符流来处理。

FileReader

把硬盘文件中的数据以字符的方式读取到内存中
1 读取单个字符

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    FileReader fr = new FileReader("//Users/jiangcheng/Desktop/a.txt");
    int len = 0;
    while ((len = fr.read()) != -1) {
        System.out.println((char) len);
    }
}

2 读取多个字符

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    FileReader fr = new FileReader("//Users/jiangcheng/Desktop/a.txt");
    int len = 0;
    char[] cs = new char[1024];
    while ((len = fr.read(cs)) != -1) {
        System.out.println(new String(cs,0,len));
    }
}

FileWriter

把内存中的字符写入到磁盘文件中
1 写入单个字符

//1 创建FileWriter对象
//2 使用writer方法，把数据写入到内存缓冲区（字符转换为字节的过程）
//3 使用flush ，把内存缓冲区的数据刷新到文件
//4 释放资源 （会先把内存缓冲区的数据刷新到文件）
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("//Users/jiangcheng/Desktop/a.txt");
        int len = 0;
        fw.write(97);
        fw.flush();
        fw.write(98);
        fw.close();
    }

2 写入多个字符

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("//Users/jiangcheng/Desktop/a.txt");
    char[] cs = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'};
    fw.write(cs);
    fw.flush();
    fw.close();
}

缓冲流

BufferedOutputStream字节缓冲输出流

1 写入字符

//1 创建FileOutputStream对象，构造方法中绑定输出目的地
//2 创建BufferedOutputStream对象，构造方法中传递FileOutputStream对象，提高FileOutputStream效率
//3 使用BufferedOutputStream的write，把数据写到内部缓冲区
//4 使用BufferedOutputStream的flush，把内部缓冲区的数据刷新到文件
//5 释放资源 （会先调用flush方法，把内存缓冲区的数据刷新到文件）
 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("//Users/jiangcheng/Desktop/a.txt");
        BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos);
        bos.write("写入数据到内部缓冲区".getBytes());
        bos.flush();
        bos.close();
    }

BufferedInputStream字节缓冲输入流

1 逐个字符读取

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("//Users/jiangcheng/Desktop/a.txt");
    BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis);
    int len=0;
    while ((len = bis.read()) != -1) {
        System.out.println(len);
    }
    bis.close();
}

2 读取多个字符

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("//Users/jiangcheng/Desktop/a.txt");
    BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis);
    int len=0;
    byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
    while ((len = bis.read(bytes)) != -1) {
        System.out.println(new String(bytes, 0, len));
    }
    bis.close();
}

BufferedWriter字符缓冲输出流

1 逐行一个字符串写入

//1 创建字符缓冲输出流对象
//2 调用writer方法，把数据写到缓冲区
//3 调用flush把内存缓冲区数据写到磁盘
//4 释放资源
 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("//Users/jiangcheng/Desktop/a.txt"));
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            bw.write("你好");
            bw.newLine();//换行
        }
        bw.flush();
        bw.close();
    }

BufferedReader字符缓冲输入流

1 逐行读取字符串

//给FileReader增加一个缓冲区，提高读取速度
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("//Users/jiangcheng/Desktop/a.txt"));
        String line;
        while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
            System.out.println(line);
        }
        br.close();
    }