RabbitMq工作模式和场景，RabbitMq消息可靠性保证

介绍

RabbitMQ基于AMQP协议，开源，实现服务间的异步消息通讯和服务间的解耦。

 

4种工作模式：

Work模式

订阅/发布模式

路由模式

主题模式（通配符模式）

 

Work模式：用于抢红包、秒杀等应用场景。一个队列，多个消费者，但一条消息只会由一个消费者消费。这种模式又分轮询分发和公平分发。轮询分发就是消息依次平均的发送给每个消费者，公平分发就是消息按照消费者空闲程度分配任务。

订阅/发布模式：用于群发消息等应用场景。消息发送到交换机，由交换机发送到队列，订阅了队列的消费者获取消息。

路由模式：和订阅/发布模式相同，但增加了路由功能，不同关键字的消息发送到不同的队列。

主题模式：和路由模式相同，但增加了模糊匹配功能。

 

消息的可靠传输：

1. 持久化

交换器、队列、消息都设置成持久化，这三者默认就是持久化的。

    2. 生产者消息确认机制

ConfirmCallback：确认消息是否正确到达Exchange。

ReturnCallback：消息不能正确到达路由。

 

<rabbit:connection-factory host="localhost"

                   port="5672" username="admin" password="admin" id="rabbitConnectionFactory" virtual-host="testhost"

                   publisher-confirms="true" publisher-returns="true" cache-mode="CHANNEL" channel-cache-size="10" 

                   thread-factory="tf" />

 

<rabbit:template id="fanoutTemplate" connection-factory="rabbitConnectionFactory" exchange="myExchange2" mandatory="true"

                   confirm-callback="msgSendConfirmCallback" return-callback="msgSendReturnCallback"></rabbit:template>

 

public class MsgSendConfirmCallback implements ConfirmCallback{

 

         /* (non-Javadoc)

          * @see org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback#confirm(org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.support.CorrelationData, boolean, java.lang.String)

          */

         public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack,

                            String cause) {

                   System.out.println("ack:" + ack + ",cause:" + cause);

                   if(ack){

                            System.out.println(correlationData);

                            System.out.println("消息发送成功");

                   }else{

                            System.out.println(correlationData);

                            System.out.println("消息发送失败" + cause);

                   }

         }

 

}

 

public class MsgSendReturnCallback implements ReturnCallback{

 

         /* (non-Javadoc)

          * @see org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback#returnedMessage(org.springframework.amqp.core.Message, int, java.lang.String, java.lang.String, java.lang.String)

          */

         public void returnedMessage(Message message, int replyCode,

                            String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey) {

                   // TODO Auto-generated method stub

                   String msg  = new String(message.getBody()); 

                   System.out.println("replyCode:" + replyCode + ",replyText:" + replyText

                                     + ",exchange:" + exchange + ",routingKey:" + routingKey

                                     + ",message:" + msg);

         }

 

}

 

 3. 消费者消息确认机制

消息通过ACK确认是否被正确接收，每个消息都要被确认，可以手动ACK也可以自动ACK，如果不确认，消息会发送到下一个消费者。

 

<rabbit:listener-container connection-factory="rabbitConnectionFactory" acknowledge="manual" >

                                     <rabbit:listener ref="foo" queue-names="ysjQueue" />

         </rabbit:listener-container>

 

<bean id="foo" class="rabbitServer.Foo"></bean>

 

public class Foo implements ChannelAwareMessageListener{

 

         /* (non-Javadoc)

          * @see org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.ChannelAwareMessageListener#onMessage(org.springframework.amqp.core.Message, com.rabbitmq.client.Channel)

          */

         public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {

                   // 停顿2秒，模拟消费慢的场景

                   Thread.sleep(1000);

                   //System.out.println(message.getMessageProperties().getCorrelationIdString());

                   System.out.println("Consumer1 Foo2:" + message.toString());

                   // 确认

                   channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);

                   // 不确认

                   ///channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false, true);

         }

 

}

 

 

 4. 死信队列

Queue中的消息超时、消息被拒绝、队列满，消息挪到死信队列。

<!-- 定义队列 -->

         <rabbit:queue auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" durable="true" name="ysjQueue" >

                   <rabbit:queue-arguments>

                            <!-- 设置消息存活时间 -->

                            <entry key="x-message-ttl">

                                     <value type="java.lang.Long">30000</value>

                            </entry>

                            <!-- 指定死信交换机 -->

                            <entry key="x-dead-letter-exchange">

                                      <value type="java.lang.String">alter</value>

                            </entry>

                   </rabbit:queue-arguments>

</rabbit:queue>

 

<rabbit:queue auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" durable="true" name="deadQueue" />

         <rabbit:fanout-exchange name="alter" durable="true" auto-delete="false" >

                   <rabbit:bindings>

                            <rabbit:binding queue="deadQueue" ></rabbit:binding>

                   </rabbit:bindings>

</rabbit:fanout-exchange>