在android开发中,listview是比较常用的一个组件,在listview的数据需要更新的时候,一般会用notifyDataSetChanged()这个函数,但是它会更新listview中所有可视范围内的item,这样对性能肯定会有影响。比较常见的情景是android应用商店中的下载列表,当我们下载一款游戏的时候,只需要更新这款游戏对应的进度就可以了。本文就来模拟android应用商店的游戏下载,实现对listview的局部刷新,只实现一个简单的demo,不去真的下载文件。
1. 首先来创建代表应用商店中的app文件的类:AppFile.java,包含了一些基本的属性,源码:
package com.alexzhou.downloadfile;
/**
* author:alexzhou
* email :zhoujiangbohai@163.com
* date :2013-1-27
*
* 游戏列表中的app文件
**/
public class AppFile {
public int id;
public String name;
// app的大小
public int size;
// 已下载大小
public int downloadSize;
// 下载状态:正常,正在下载,暂停,等待,已下载
public int downloadState;
}
2. 由于实际开发时,AppFile的属性比较多,这里创建一个辅助类:DownloadFile.java,代表下载中的文件,源码:
package com.alexzhou.downloadfile;
/**
* author:alexzhou
* email :zhoujiangbohai@163.com
* date :2013-1-27
*
* 下载的文件
**/
public class DownloadFile {
public int downloadID;
public int downloadSize;
public int totalSize;
public int downloadState;
}
3. 接下来需要一个下载管理类:DownloadManager.java,它管理所有下载任务。当同时下载很多任务的时候,界面会卡,所以指定只能同时下载3个任务,每个任务会启动一个线程,这里使用了ExecutorService线程池。当提交了超过三个下载任务时,只执行前3个任务,第四个任务会等到前面有一个下载完成后再下载,以此类推。这里还用到了android提供的一个工具类SparseArray,它是用来替代HashMap的,性能比HashMap要好。下面看源码:
package com.alexzhou.downloadfile;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.util.Log;
import android.util.SparseArray;
/**
author:alexzhou
email :zhoujiangbohai@163.com
date :2013-1-27
下载管理
**/
public class DownloadManager {
// 下载状态:正常,暂停,下载中,已下载,排队中
public static final int DOWNLOAD_STATE_NORMAL = 0x00;
public static final int DOWNLOAD_STATE_PAUSE = 0x01;
public static final int DOWNLOAD_STATE_DOWNLOADING = 0x02;
public static final int DOWNLOAD_STATE_FINISH = 0x03;
public static final int DOWNLOAD_STATE_WAITING = 0x04;
// SparseArray是android中替代Hashmap的类,可以提高效率
private SparseArray<DownloadFile> downloadFiles = new SparseArray<DownloadFile>();
// 用来管理所有下载任务
private ArrayList<DownloadTask> taskList = new ArrayList<DownloadTask>();
private Handler mHandler;
private final static Object syncObj = new Object();
private static DownloadManager instance;
private ExecutorService executorService;
private DownloadManager()
{
// 最多只能同时下载3个任务,其余的任务排队等待
executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
}
public static DownloadManager getInstance()
{
if(null == instance)
{
synchronized(syncObj) {
instance = new DownloadManager();
}
return instance;
}
return instance;
}
public void setHandler(Handler handler) {
this.mHandler = handler;
}
// 开始下载,创建一个下载线程
public void startDownload(DownloadFile file) {
downloadFiles.put(file.downloadID, file);
DownloadTask task = new DownloadTask(file.downloadID);
taskList.add(task);
executorService.submit(task);
}
public void stopAllDownloadTask() {
while(taskList.size() != 0)
{
DownloadTask task = taskList.remove(0);
// 可以在这里做其他的处理
task.stopTask();
}
// 会停止正在进行的任务和拒绝接受新的任务
executorService.shutdownNow();
}
// 下载任务
class DownloadTask implements Runnable {
private boolean isWorking = false;
private int downloadId;
public DownloadTask(int id)
{
this.isWorking = true;
this.downloadId = id;
}
public void stopTask()
{
this.isWorking = false;
}
// 更新listview中对应的item
public void update(DownloadFile downloadFile)
{
Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage();
if(downloadFile.totalSize == downloadFile.downloadSize)
downloadFile.downloadState = DOWNLOAD_STATE_FINISH;
msg.obj = downloadFile;
msg.sendToTarget();
}
public void run() {
// 更新下载文件的状态
DownloadFile downloadFile = downloadFiles.get(downloadId);
downloadFile.downloadState = DOWNLOAD_STATE_DOWNLOADING;
while(isWorking)
{
// 检测是否下载完成
if(downloadFile.downloadState != DOWNLOAD_STATE_DOWNLOADING)
{
downloadFiles.remove(downloadFile.downloadID);
taskList.remove(this);
isWorking = false;
break;
}
//Log.e("", "downloadSize="+downloadFile.downloadSize+"; size="+downloadFile.totalSize);
// 这里只是模拟了下载,每一秒更新一次item的下载状态
if(downloadFile.downloadSize <= downloadFile.totalSize)
{
this.update(downloadFile);
}
if(downloadFile.downloadSize < downloadFile.totalSize)
{
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
downloadFile.downloadState = DOWNLOAD_STATE_PAUSE;
this.update(downloadFile);
downloadFiles.remove(downloadId);
isWorking = false;
break;
}
++ downloadFile.downloadSize;
}
}
}
}
}
4. 接下来就需要实现listview的adapter了,这里比较重要的一个函数是updateView,这是实现listview局部刷新的关键,通过索引index得到listview中对应位置的子view,然后再更新该view的数据。源码:
package com.alexzhou.downloadfile;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.util.Log;
import android.util.SparseArray;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;
/**
author:alexzhou
email :zhoujiangbohai@163.com
date :2013-1-27
app列表的数据适配器
**/
public class AppListAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
private SparseArray<AppFile> dataList = null;
private LayoutInflater inflater = null;
private Context mContext;
private DownloadManager downloadManager;
private ListView listView;
public AppListAdapter(Context context, SparseArray<AppFile> dataList) {
this.inflater = (LayoutInflater) context
.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
this.dataList = dataList;
this.mContext = context;
this.downloadManager = DownloadManager.getInstance();
this.downloadManager.setHandler(mHandler);
}
public void setListView(ListView view)
{
this.listView = view;
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
return dataList.size();
}
@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
return dataList.get(position);
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
return position;
}
// 改变下载按钮的样式
private void changeBtnStyle(Button btn, boolean enable)
{
if(enable)
{
btn.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.btn_download_norm);
}
else
{
btn.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.btn_download_disable);
}
btn.setEnabled(enable);
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
final ViewHolder holder;
if (null == convertView) {
holder = new ViewHolder();
convertView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.listitem_app, null);
holder.layout = (LinearLayout) convertView
.findViewById(R.id.gamelist_item_layout);
holder.icon = (ImageView) convertView
.findViewById(R.id.app_icon);
holder.name = (TextView) convertView
.findViewById(R.id.app_name);
holder.size = (TextView) convertView
.findViewById(R.id.app_size);
holder.btn = (Button) convertView
.findViewById(R.id.download_btn);
convertView.setTag(holder);
} else {
holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
}
// 这里position和app.id的值是相等的
final AppFile app = dataList.get(position);
//Log.e("", "id="+app.id+", name="+app.name);
holder.name.setText(app.name);
holder.size.setText((app.downloadSize * 100.0f / app.size) + "%");
Drawable drawable = mContext.getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.app_icon);
holder.icon.setImageDrawable(drawable);
switch(app.downloadState)
{
case DownloadManager.DOWNLOAD_STATE_NORMAL:
holder.btn.setText("下载");
this.changeBtnStyle(holder.btn, true);
break;
case DownloadManager.DOWNLOAD_STATE_DOWNLOADING:
holder.btn.setText("下载中");
this.changeBtnStyle(holder.btn, false);
break;
case DownloadManager.DOWNLOAD_STATE_FINISH:
holder.btn.setText("已下载");
this.changeBtnStyle(holder.btn, false);
break;
case DownloadManager.DOWNLOAD_STATE_WAITING:
holder.btn.setText("排队中");
this.changeBtnStyle(holder.btn, false);
break;
}
holder.btn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
DownloadFile downloadFile = new DownloadFile();
downloadFile.downloadID = app.id;
downloadFile.downloadState = DownloadManager.DOWNLOAD_STATE_WAITING;
app.downloadState = DownloadManager.DOWNLOAD_STATE_WAITING;
downloadFile.downloadSize = app.downloadSize;
downloadFile.totalSize = app.size;
holder.btn.setText("排队中");
changeBtnStyle(holder.btn, false);
downloadManager.startDownload(downloadFile);
}
});
return convertView;
}
static class ViewHolder {
LinearLayout layout;
ImageView icon;
TextView name;
TextView size;
Button btn;
}
private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
public void handleMessage(Message msg)
{
DownloadFile downloadFile = (DownloadFile)msg.obj;
AppFile appFile = dataList.get(downloadFile.downloadID);
appFile.downloadSize = downloadFile.downloadSize;
appFile.downloadState = downloadFile.downloadState;
// notifyDataSetChanged会执行getView函数,更新所有可视item的数据
//notifyDataSetChanged();
// 只更新指定item的数据,提高了性能
updateView(appFile.id);
}
};
// 更新指定item的数据
private void updateView(int index)
{
int visiblePos = listView.getFirstVisiblePosition();
int offset = index - visiblePos;
//Log.e("", "index="+index+"visiblePos="+visiblePos+"offset="+offset);
// 只有在可见区域才更新
if(offset < 0) return;
View view = listView.getChildAt(offset);
final AppFile app = dataList.get(index);
ViewHolder holder = (ViewHolder)view.getTag();
//Log.e("", "id="+app.id+", name="+app.name);
holder.name.setText(app.name);
holder.size.setText((app.downloadSize * 100.0f / app.size) + "%");
Drawable drawable = mContext.getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.app_icon);
holder.icon.setImageDrawable(drawable);
switch(app.downloadState)
{
case DownloadManager.DOWNLOAD_STATE_DOWNLOADING:
holder.btn.setText("下载中");
this.changeBtnStyle(holder.btn, false);
break;
case DownloadManager.DOWNLOAD_STATE_FINISH:
holder.btn.setText("已下载");
this.changeBtnStyle(holder.btn, false);
break;
}
}
}
布局文件listitem_app.xml:
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<?
xml
version
=
"1.0"
encoding
=
"utf-8"
?>
<
LinearLayout
xmlns:android
=
"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id
=
"@+id/gamelist_item_layout"
android:layout_width
=
"fill_parent"
android:layout_height
=
"wrap_content"
android:gravity
=
"center_vertical"
android:background
=
"@drawable/style_listitem_background"
android:paddingBottom
=
"5dp"
android:paddingTop
=
"5dp"
>
<
ImageView
android:id
=
"@+id/app_icon"
android:layout_width
=
"53dip"
android:layout_height
=
"53dip"
android:layout_marginLeft
=
"5dip"
android:adjustViewBounds
=
"false"
android:padding
=
"5dp"
/>
<
LinearLayout
android:layout_width
=
"match_parent"
android:layout_height
=
"60dp"
android:layout_marginLeft
=
"5dp"
android:layout_weight
=
"1"
android:gravity
=
"center_vertical"
android:orientation
=
"vertical"
>
<
TextView
android:id
=
"@+id/app_name"
android:layout_width
=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_height
=
"wrap_content"
android:singleLine
=
"true"
android:text
=
""
android:textColor
=
"#000000"
android:textSize
=
"13sp"
/>
<
TextView
android:id
=
"@+id/app_size"
android:layout_width
=
"wrap_content"
android:layout_height
=
"wrap_content"
android:textColor
=
"#000000"
android:textSize
=
"10sp"
/>
</
LinearLayout
>
<
Button
android:id
=
"@+id/download_btn"
android:layout_width
=
"55dip"
android:layout_height
=
"30dip"
android:layout_marginRight
=
"10dip"
android:background
=
"@drawable/style_btn_download"
android:focusable
=
"false"
android:text
=
"@string/download"
android:textColor
=
"#ffffffff"
android:textSize
=
"12sp"
/>
</
LinearLayout
>
|
listview中item样式文件style_listitem_background.xml:
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<?
xml
version
=
"1.0"
encoding
=
"utf-8"
?>
<
selector
xmlns:android
=
"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
>
<!-- 没有焦点时的背景颜色 -->
<
item
android:state_window_focused
=
"false"
>
<
shape
>
<
gradient
android:startColor
=
"#ffffff"
android:endColor
=
"#E3E3E3"
android:angle
=
"-90"
/>
</
shape
>
</
item
>
<!-- 非触摸模式下获得焦点并单击时的背景颜色 -->
<
item
android:state_focused
=
"true"
android:state_pressed
=
"true"
android:drawable
=
"@drawable/bg_listview_item_selected"
/>
<!--触摸模式下单击时的背景颜色 -->
<
item
android:state_focused
=
"false"
android:state_pressed
=
"true"
android:drawable
=
"@drawable/bg_listview_item_selected"
/>
<!--选中时的背景颜色 -->
<
item
android:state_selected
=
"true"
android:drawable
=
"@drawable/bg_listview_item_selected"
/>
<!--获得焦点时的背景 颜色-->
<
item
android:state_focused
=
"true"
android:drawable
=
"@drawable/bg_listview_item_selected"
/>
</
selector
>
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item中的button样式文件style_btn_download.xml:
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<?
xml
version
=
"1.0"
encoding
=
"utf-8"
?>
<
selector
xmlns:android
=
"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
>
<
item
android:state_pressed
=
"true"
android:drawable
=
"@drawable/btn_download_pressed"
/>
<
item
android:drawable
=
"@drawable/btn_download_norm"
/>
</
selector
>
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字符文件strings.xml:
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<?
xml
version
=
"1.0"
encoding
=
"utf-8"
?>
<
resources
>
<
string
name
=
"app_name"
>AndroidDownloadFile</
string
>
<
string
name
=
"download"
>下载</
string
>
</
resources
>
|
5. 最后创建MainActivity.java,源码:
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package
com.alexzhou.downloadfile;
import
android.app.Activity;
import
android.os.Bundle;
import
android.util.SparseArray;
import
android.widget.ListView;
public
class
MainActivity
extends
Activity
{
private
SparseArray<AppFile> appList =
new
SparseArray<AppFile>();
private
ListView listView;
@Override
public
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super
.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initData();
initUI();
}
private
void
initData()
{
for
(
int
i =
0
; i<
20
; i++)
{
AppFile app =
new
AppFile();
app.name =
"快玩游戏--"
+ (i+
1
);
app.size =
100
;
app.id = i;
app.downloadState = DownloadManager.DOWNLOAD_STATE_NORMAL;
app.downloadSize =
0
;
appList.put(app.id, app);
}
}
private
void
initUI()
{
listView = (ListView)
this
.findViewById(R.id.listview);
AppListAdapter adapter =
new
AppListAdapter(
this
, appList);
adapter.setListView(listView);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
@Override
protected
void
onDestroy() {
super
.onDestroy();
DownloadManager.getInstance().stopAllDownloadTask();
}
}
|
布局文件activity_main.xml:
<LinearLayoutxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<ListView
android:id="@+id/listview"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:fastScrollEnabled="true"
/>
</LinearLayout>
到此为止,代码部分已经全部完成了,下面来看看最终效果图:
这里对比一下分别使用updateView和notifyDataSetChanged时,有什么不一样,看看打印日志:
(1)使用notifyDataSetChanged时,listview可视范围内的所有子项都更新了。
(2)使用updateView时,只更新了指定的子项。
实例源码地址:http://pan.baidu.com/share/link?shareid=229182&uk=167811495