ServletContext总结

ServletConfig对象中维护了ServletContext对象的引用，开发人员在编写servlet时，可以通过ServletConfig.getServletContext方法获得ServletContext对象。
由于一个WEB应用中的所有Servlet共享同一个ServletContext对象，因此Servlet对象之间可以通过ServletContext对象来实现通讯。ServletContext对象通常也被称之为context域对象。
1.利用ServletContext解决中文乱码问题
如果使用ServletConfig来解决，那么每一个Servlet都需要配置一份
所以我们使用全局初始化参数，只需要一份就可以解决

新建TestServlet，获取ServletContext对象，获取参数encoding的值

@WebServlet(name = "TestServlet",urlPatterns = "/poem2")
public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();//获取ServletContext对象
        String encoding = context.getInitParameter("encoding");//获取encoding全局参数的值

        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=" + encoding);//设置编码格式
        PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();//输出到网页
        writer.println("百日依山尽</br>");
        writer.println("黄河入海流");
        String uname = context.getInitParameter("uname");
        writer.println(uname);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

结果输出：

2.多个Servlet通过ServletContext对象实现数据共享。
新建一个User类，准备存入ServletContext对象中

public class User {// 新建User类
    private String name;
    private int id;
    private String passwd;

    public User() {
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getPasswd() {
        return passwd;
    }

    public void setPasswd(String passwd) {
        this.passwd = passwd;
    }
}

新建TestContextServlet ，新建User对象并存入ServletContext对象中

public class TestContextServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1);
        user.setName("zhangsan");
        user.setPasswd("123");
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        context.setAttribute("user", user);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

新建TestContextServlet2，获取ServletContex中存的User对象，并输出至网页

@WebServlet(name = "TestContextServlet2",urlPatterns = "/TestContextServlet2")
public class TestContextServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        User user = (User) context.getAttribute("user");
        response.getWriter().println(user.getId()+"\t"+user.getName()+"\t"+user.getPasswd());
        
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

结果：

注意：如果直接访问TestContextServlet2会报错