Python 可区分单例

def singleton(cls):
    __instance = {}

    def inner(class_id: int | str = None):
        if class_id is None:
            key = str(cls)
        else:
            key = str(cls) + str(class_id)

        if key not in __instance:
            __instance[key] = cls()
        return __instance[key]

    return inner

使用：

@singleton
class A:
    def __init__(self):
        pass


a1 = A()
a2 = A(1)
print(id(a1) == id(a2))
# 输出False

a3 = A()
print(id(a1) == id(a3))
# 输出True