HOWTO:在 Visual Basic 中自动运行 Microsoft Excel

HOWTO:在 Visual Basic 中自动运行 Microsoft Excel

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有两种方法可以控制自动化服务器:通过使用晚期绑定或早期绑定。若使用晚期绑定,则在声明运行时和自动化服务器为“对象”之前不绑定方法。若使用早期绑定,则您的应用程序在设计阶段知道要与之通信的对象的确切类型,并可以作为一个特定类型声明其对象。本示例使用早期绑定,早期绑定被认为是在多数情况下都很适用的方法,因为它可以提供更高的性能和更好的类型安全性。

要早期绑定到自动化服务器,您需要设置对该服务器类型库的引用。在 Visual Basic 中,该操作是通过“项目”|“引用”菜单下的“引用”对话框完成的。对于本示例,您需要向 Excel 的类型库中添加一个引用,然后才能运行代码。关于如何添加引用,请参见下面的步骤。

生成自动化示例

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1.启动 Visual Basic,新建一个标准 EXE 项目。默认情况下会创建 Form1。
2.选择“项目”|“引用”以显示“引用”对话框。向下滚动列表,直到找到“Microsoft Excel 10.0 对象库”,然后选择此项目以向 Excel 2002 中添加一个引用。如果列表中未显示该项目,请检查是否已正确安装了 Excel 2002。

注意:如果正在自动运行 Microsoft Office Excel 2003,则该类型库在“引用”列表中显示为“Microsoft Excel 11.0 对象库”。如果正在自动运行 Microsoft Excel 2000,则该类型库在“引用”列表中显示为“Microsoft Excel 9.0 对象库”,如果您使用的是 Microsoft Excel 97,则该类型库显示为“Microsoft Excel 8.0 对象库”。
3.单击“确定”,关闭“引用”对话框。
4.将 CommandButton 添加到 Form1 中。
5.在 Form1 的代码窗口中,插入下面的代码:
   Option Explicit
   
   Private Sub Command1_Click()
      Dim oXL As Excel.Application
      Dim oWB As Excel.Workbook
      Dim oSheet As Excel.Worksheet
      Dim oRng As Excel.Range
      

      'On Error GoTo Err_Handler
      
   ' Start Excel and get Application object.
      Set oXL = CreateObject("Excel.Application")
      oXL.Visible = True
      
   ' Get a new workbook.
      Set oWB = oXL.Workbooks.Add
      Set oSheet = oWB.ActiveSheet
      
   ' Add table headers going cell by cell.
      oSheet.Cells(1, 1).Value = "First Name"
      oSheet.Cells(1, 2).Value = "Last Name"
      oSheet.Cells(1, 3).Value = "Full Name"
      oSheet.Cells(1, 4).Value = "Salary"
      

   ' Format A1:D1 as bold, vertical alignment = center.
      With oSheet.Range("A1", "D1")
         .Font.Bold = True
         .VerticalAlignment = xlVAlignCenter
      End With
      
   ' Create an array to set multiple values at once.
      Dim saNames(5, 2) As String
      saNames(0, 0) = "John"
      saNames(0, 1) = "Smith"
      saNames(1, 0) = "Tom"
      saNames(1, 1) = "Brown"
      saNames(2, 0) = "Sue"
      saNames(2, 1) = "Thomas"
      saNames(3, 0) = "Jane"

      saNames(3, 1) = "Jones"
      saNames(4, 0) = "Adam"
      saNames(4, 1) = "Johnson"
      
    ' Fill A2:B6 with an array of values (First and Last Names).
      oSheet.Range("A2", "B6").Value = saNames
      
    ' Fill C2:C6 with a relative formula (=A2 & " " & B2).
      Set oRng = oSheet.Range("C2", "C6")
      oRng.Formula = "=A2 & "" "" & B2"
      
    ' Fill D2:D6 with a formula(=RAND()*100000) and apply format.
      Set oRng = oSheet.Range("D2", "D6")
      oRng.Formula = "=RAND()*100000"
      oRng.NumberFormat = "$0.00"
      
    ' AutoFit columns A:D.
      Set oRng = oSheet.Range("A1", "D1")
      oRng.EntireColumn.AutoFit
      
    ' Manipulate a variable number of columns for Quarterly Sales Data.
      Call DisplayQuarterlySales(oSheet)
      
    ' Make sure Excel is visible and give the user control
    ' of Microsoft Excel's lifetime.
      oXL.Visible = True
      oXL.UserControl = True
      
    ' Make sure you release object references.
      Set oRng = Nothing
      Set oSheet = Nothing
      Set oWB = Nothing
      Set oXL = Nothing
      
   Exit Sub
   Err_Handler:
      MsgBox Err.Description, vbCritical, "Error: " & Err.Number
   End Sub
   
   Private Sub DisplayQuarterlySales(oWS As Excel.Worksheet)
      Dim oResizeRange As Excel.Range
      Dim oChart As Excel.Chart
      Dim iNumQtrs As Integer
      Dim sMsg As String
      Dim iRet As Integer
      
    ' Determine how many quarters to display data for.
      For iNumQtrs = 4 To 2 Step -1
         sMsg = "Enter sales data for" & Str(iNumQtrs) & " quarter(s)?"
         iRet = MsgBox(sMsg, vbYesNo Or vbQuestion _
            Or vbMsgBoxSetForeground, "Quarterly Sales")
         If iRet = vbYes Then Exit For
      Next iNumQtrs
      

      sMsg = "Displaying data for" & Str(iNumQtrs) & " quarter(s)."
      MsgBox sMsg, vbMsgBoxSetForeground, "Quarterly Sales"
      
    ' Starting at E1, fill headers for the number of columns selected.
      Set oResizeRange = oWS.Range("E1", "E1").Resize(ColumnSize:=iNumQtrs)

      oResizeRange.Formula = "=""Q"" & COLUMN()-4 & CHAR(10) & ""Sales"""
      
    ' Change the Orientation and WrapText properties for the headers.
      oResizeRange.Orientation = 38
      oResizeRange.WrapText = True
      
    ' Fill the interior color of the headers.
      oResizeRange.Interior.ColorIndex = 36
      
    ' Fill the columns with a formula and apply a number format.
      Set oResizeRange = oWS.Range("E2", "E6").Resize(ColumnSize:=iNumQtrs)
      oResizeRange.Formula = "=RAND()*100"
      oResizeRange.NumberFormat = "$0.00"
      
    ' Apply borders to the Sales data and headers.
      Set oResizeRange = oWS.Range("E1", "E6").Resize(ColumnSize:=iNumQtrs)
      oResizeRange.Borders.Weight = xlThin
      
    ' Add a Totals formula for the sales data and apply a border.
      Set oResizeRange = oWS.Range("E8", "E8").Resize(ColumnSize:=iNumQtrs)
      oResizeRange.Formula = "=SUM(E2:E6)"
      With oResizeRange.Borders(xlEdgeBottom)
         .LineStyle = xlDouble
         .Weight = xlThick
      End With
      
    ' Add a Chart for the selected data
      Set oResizeRange = oWS.Range("E2:E6").Resize(ColumnSize:=iNumQtrs)
      Set oChart = oWS.Parent.Charts.Add
      With oChart
         .ChartWizard oResizeRange, xl3DColumn, , xlColumns
         .SeriesCollection(1).XValues = oWS.Range("A2", "A6")
            For iRet = 1 To iNumQtrs
               .SeriesCollection(iRet).Name = "=""Q" & Str(iRet) & """"
            Next iRet
         .Location xlLocationAsObject, oWS.Name
      End With
      
    ' Move the chart so as not to cover your data.
      With oWS.Shapes("Chart 1")
         .Top = oWS.Rows(10).Top
         .Left = oWS.Columns(2).Left

      End With
      
    ' Free any references.
      Set oChart = Nothing
      Set oResizeRange = Nothing
   
   End Sub

						
6.按 F5 键运行该项目。
 
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