Semaphore VS Mutex

http://hi.baidu.com/lieal/blog/item/9e66c4350dd16686a61e12f5.html

 

Mutex是一把钥匙，一个人拿了就可进入一个房间，出来的时候把钥匙交给队列的第一个。一般的用法是用于串行化对critical section代码的访问，保证这段代码不会被并行的运行。



Semaphore是一件可以容纳N人的房间，如果人不满就可以进去，如果人满了，就要等待有人出来。对于N=1的情况，称为binary semaphore。一般的用法是，用于限制对于某一资源的同时访问。



Binary semaphore与Mutex的差异：

在有的系统中Binary semaphore与Mutex是没有差异的。在有的系统上，主要的差异是mutex一定要由获得锁的进程来释放。而semaphore可以由其它进程释 放（这时的semaphore实际就是个原子的变量，大家可以加或减），因此semaphore可以用于进程间同步。Semaphore的同步功能是所有 系统都支持的，而Mutex能否由其他进程释放则未定，因此建议mutex只用于保护critical section。而semaphore则用于保护某变量，或者同步。



关于semaphore和mutex的区别，网上有著名的厕所理论（http://koti.mbnet.fi/niclasw/MutexSemaphore.html）：

Mutex:Is a key to a toilet. One person can have the key - occupy the toilet - at the time. When finished, the person gives (frees) the key to the next person in the queue.Officially: “Mutexes are typically used to serialise access to a section of re-entrant code that cannot be executed concurrently by more than one thread. A mutex object only allows one thread into a controlled section, forcing other threads which attempt to gain access to that section to wait until the first thread has exited from that section.”
Ref: Symbian Developer Library(A mutex is really a semaphore with value 1.)

Semaphore:

Is the number of free identical toilet keys. Example, say we have four toilets with identical locks and keys. The semaphore count - the count of keys - is set to 4 at beginning (all four toilets are free), then the count value is decremented as people are coming in. If all toilets are full, ie. there are no free keys left, the semaphore count is 0. Now, when eq. one person leaves the toilet, semaphore is increased to 1 (one free key), and given to the next person in the queue.

Officially: “A semaphore restricts the number of simultaneous users of a shared resource up to a maximum number. Threads can request access to the resource (decrementing the semaphore), and can signal that they have finished using the resource (incrementing the semaphore).”
Ref: Symbian Developer Library