Semaphore vs Mutex

Semaphore 信号灯,用来控制同时并发的线程数量
Mutex 互斥锁,控制同一时刻只能有一个线程执行

二者最重要的区别在于所有权这个概念,Mutex 具有所有权,它本身是一个互斥锁,在一个时刻只能被一个线程持有,但是Semaphore没有所有权,任何线程都可以调用此对象的方法。

Semaphore 控制3条线程并发执行

final int clientCount = 3;
final int totalRequestCount = 10;
Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(clientCount);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < totalRequestCount; i++) {
    executorService.execute(()->{
        try {
            semaphore.acquire();
            System.out.println("thread start do something :" + Thread.currentThread() + " :" + semaphore.availablePermits() + " ");
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println("thread finish do something :" + Thread.currentThread() + " :" + semaphore.availablePermits() + " ");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            semaphore.release();
        }
    });
}
executorService.shutdown();

打印:

thread start do something :Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main] :0 
thread start do something :Thread[pool-1-thread-3,5,main] :0 
thread start do something :Thread[pool-1-thread-2,5,main] :0 
thread finish do something :Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main] :0 
thread finish do something :Thread[pool-1-thread-2,5,main] :0 
thread finish do something :Thread[pool-1-thread-3,5,main] :1 
thread start do something :Thread[pool-1-thread-5,5,main] :1 
thread start do something :Thread[pool-1-thread-4,5,main] :1 
thread start do something :Thread[pool-1-thread-7,5,main] :0 
...

Mutex 控制1条线程并发执行

final int totalRequestCount = 10;
final ReentrantLock mutex = new ReentrantLock();
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < totalRequestCount; i++) {
    executorService.execute(()->{
        try {
            mutex.lock();
            System.out.println("thread start do something :" + Thread.currentThread());
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            System.out.println("thread finish do something :" + Thread.currentThread());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            mutex.unlock();
        }
    });
}
executorService.shutdown();

打印:

thread start do something :Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]
thread finish do something :Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]
thread start do something :Thread[pool-1-thread-2,5,main]
thread finish do something :Thread[pool-1-thread-2,5,main]
thread start do something :Thread[pool-1-thread-3,5,main]
thread finish do something :Thread[pool-1-thread-3,5,main]
thread start do something :Thread[pool-1-thread-4,5,main]
thread finish do something :Thread[pool-1-thread-4,5,main]
thread start do something :Thread[pool-1-thread-5,5,main]
thread finish do something :Thread[pool-1-thread-5,5,main]
...
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