OC第六讲字符串函数

oc中的字符串类型：unichar

一，字符串NSString 常用方法

1，创建一个新的字符串，可以使用初始化方法和便利构造器

<span style="font-size:18px;">NSString *str0 = @"第一个字符串";
NSString *str1 = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:str0];
NSString *str2 = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"第%d个字符串", 2];
NSString *str3 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"第5个字符串"];</span>

2，获取字符串的长度

<span style="font-size:18px;">//- (NSUInteger)length
</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">NSLog(@"%lu", [@"正常的字符串" length]);</span>

3，判断字符串是否以指定字符串开始或结束

<span style="font-size:18px;">//- (BOOL)hasPrefix:(NSString *)aString    // 前缀
//- (BOOL)hasSuffix:(NSString *)aString    // 后缀</span>

4，搜索字符串范围

返回值是一个结构体，包括位置和长度

<span style="font-size:18px;">//- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)aString</span>

5，字符串截取（获取子字符串）

<span style="font-size:18px;">//- (NSString *)substringWithRange:(NSRange)aRange          //截取中间一段
//- (NSString *)substringToIndex:(NSUInteger)anIndex        //从开始到anIndex截取
//- (NSString *)substringFromIndex:(NSUInteger)anIndex      //从anIndex到最后截取</span>

6，拼接字符串

<span style="font-size:18px;">//- (NSString *)stringByAppendingString:(NSString *)aString
</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">NSString *name1 = @"刘畅";
NSString *name2 = @"张恒";
NSString *pair = [name1 stringByAppendingString:name2];            // 拼接
NSString *pair2 = [name1 stringByAppendingFormat:@"和%@", name2];  // 加字符拼接
NSLog(@"%@", pair);
NSLog(@"%@", pair2);</span>

7，替换字符串

<span style="font-size:18px;">//- (NSString *)stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range withString:(NSString *)replacement
</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">NSString *pair3 = [pair2 stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(4, 2) withString:@"李智"];
NSLog(@"%@", pair3);</span>

8，字符串比较

<span style="font-size:18px;">//- (NSComparisonResult)compare:(NSString *)aString
</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">NSLog(@"%ld", [@"A" compare:@"B"]);     // -1
NSLog(@"%ld", [@"B" compare:@"A"]);     // 1
NSLog(@"%ld", [@"A" compare:@"A"]);     // 0</span>

9，字符串和数值类型转换

<span style="font-size:18px;">//- (double)doubleValue
</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">NSString *pi = @"3.1415926";
double p = [pi doubleValue];
NSLog(@"%.9f", p);</span>

   数字转换为字符串

<span style="font-size:18px;">int a = 5;
NSString *s = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", a];
NSLog(@"%@", s);</span>

10，大小写转换操作

<span style="font-size:18px;">- (NSString *)uppercaseString
- (NSString *)lowercaseString</span>

二，可变数组NSMutableString 常用方法

1，创建一个新的字符串

<span style="font-size:18px;">NSMutableString *mStr1 = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"可变字符串"];
</span>

2，拼接字符串

<span style="font-size:18px;">//- (void)appendString:(NSString *)aString
</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">[mStr1 appendString:@"可以变长"];
NSLog(@"%@", mStr1);</span>

3，插入字符串

<span style="font-size:18px;">//- (void)insertString:(NSString *)aString atIndex:(NSUInteger)anIndex
</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">[mStr1 insertString:@"得很" atIndex:8];
NSLog(@"%@", mStr1);</span>

4，删除字符串

<span style="font-size:18px;">// - (void)deleteCharactersInRange:(NSRange)aRange
</span>

<span style="font-size:18px;">[mStr1 deleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(5, 2)];
NSLog(@"%@", mStr1);</span>