Python
数据库的使用
在Python中如何使用MySQL数据库
在Python 3中,通常使用纯Python的三方库PyMySQL来访问MySQL数据库
安装PyMySQL。
pip install pymysql
import pymysql
def main():
no = int(input('编号: '))
name = input('名字: ')
loc = input('所在地: ')
# 1. 创建数据库连接对象 连接数据库
con = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', port=3306,
database='hrs', charset='utf8',
user='root', password='123456')
try:
# 2. 通过连接对象获取游标 使用cursor()方法创建一个游标对象
with con.cursor() as cursor:
# 3. 通过游标执行SQL并获得执行结果
result = cursor.execute(
'insert into tb_dept values (%s, %s, %s)',
(no, name, loc)
)
if result == 1:
print('添加成功!')
# 4. 提交数据
con.commit()
finally:
# 5. 关闭连接释放资源
con.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
删除一个部门。
import pymysql
def main():
no = int(input('编号: '))
con = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', port=3306,
database='hrs', charset='utf8',
user='root', password='123456',
autocommit=True)
try:
with con.cursor() as cursor:
result = cursor.execute(
'delete from tb_dept where dno=%s',
(no, )
)
if result == 1:
print('删除成功!')
finally:
con.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
''''''
connect
host(str): MySQL服务器地址
port(int): MySQL服务器端口号
user(str): 用户名
passwd(str): 密码
db(str): 数据库名称
charset(str): 连接编码
cursor对象支持的方法
execute(op) 执行一个数据库的查询命令
fetchone() 取得结果集的下一行
fetchmany(size) 获取结果集的下几行
fetchall() 获取结果集中的所有行
rowcount() 返回数据条数或影响行数
close() 关闭游标对象
''''''
更新一个部门。
import pymysql
def main():
no = int(input('编号: '))
name = input('名字: ')
loc = input('所在地: ')
con = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', port=3306,
database='hrs', charset='utf8',
user='root', password='123456',
autocommit=True)
try:
with con.cursor() as cursor:
result = cursor.execute(
'update tb_dept set dname=%s, dloc=%s where dno=%s',
(name, loc, no)
)
#%s 用来 占位
if result == 1:
print('更新成功!')
finally:
con.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
查询所有部门。
import pymysql
from pymysql.cursors import DictCursor
def main():
con = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', port=3306,
database='hrs', charset='utf8',
user='root', password='123456')
try:
with con.cursor(cursor=DictCursor) as cursor:
cursor.execute('select dno as no, dname as name, dloc as loc from tb_dept')
results = cursor.fetchall()
print(results)
print('编号\t名称\t\t所在地')
for dept in results:
print(dept['no'], end='\t')
print(dept['name'], end='\t')
print(dept['loc'])
finally:
con.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
分页查询员工信息。
import pymysql
from pymysql.cursors import DictCursor
class Emp(object):
def __init__(self, no, name, job, sal):
self.no = no
self.name = name
self.job = job
self.sal = sal
def __str__(self):
return f'\n编号:{self.no}\n姓名:{self.name}\n职位:{self.job}\n月薪:{self.sal}\n'
def main():
page = int(input('页码: '))
size = int(input('大小: '))
con = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', port=3306,
database='hrs', charset='utf8',
user='root', password='123456')
try:
with con.cursor() as cursor:
cursor.execute(
'select eno as no, ename as name, job, sal from tb_emp limit %s,%s',
((page - 1) * size, size)
)
for emp_tuple in cursor.fetchall():
emp = Emp(*emp_tuple)
print(emp)
finally:
con.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
try:
print(‘开始:’)
r = 10 / int(‘2’)
print(‘结果:’,r)
except ValueError as e:
print(‘ValueError:’,e)
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
print(‘ZeroDivision:’,r)
else:
print(‘没有出错!’)
finally:
print(‘最后要执行的代码’)
如果try的代码块出现错误,则try代码省下的代码不会继续执行,而是直接跳转到catch代码块,catch就是错误处理代码块(如果没有错误,则不执行)
如果还有finally代码块,则执行finally代码块。没有则不执行