getopt用法

getopt函数

函数原型：

#include <unistd.h>

int getopt( int argc, char* const argv[], const char* optstring);

extern char *optarg;
extern int optind, opterr, optopt;

参数 argc,argv 和main的相同

参数 optstring 记录option选项

返回值：成功获得option，返回获得的选项；否则，返回-1. 

如果获得一个未定义的option，返回'?',并把 optopt设置成实际获得的option

如果发现缺少参数时，若果opstring以‘：’，开头返回‘：’，否则，返回‘？’

如果option后跟 colon ,表示有参数，参数读入optarg中

If  the  first  character  of  optstring  is '+' or the environment variable
 POSIXLY_CORRECT is set, then option processing stops as soon as a non-option argument is encountered。

If the first character  of  optstring  is  '-',  then each non-option argv-element is handled as if it were the argument of an option with
 character code 1. 。

样例代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <iostream>


using namespace std;


/*
    just for the use of getopt
    -a print "no argument is ok"
    -b invarable   print "argument is ok"
    
*/
const char opstring[]="ab:";
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{
        char opt;


        while( -1 != ( opt = getopt( argc, argv , opstring ) )  )
        {
                switch( opt )
                {
                        case 'a':
                                printf("no argument is ok.\n");
                                break;
                        case 'b':
                                printf("argument is ok:%s\n",optarg);
                                break;
                        case '?':
                                printf("error option.\n");
                                break;
                        default :
                                break;


                }
        }
        return 0;
}