异常处理规范

1、在框架层面粗狂的捕获和处理异常不可取的。

2、finally代码块中的异常需要注意，避免覆盖原始异常。如下例子，无论是否异常，都需要最后释放BufferedReader 资源，但是收尾操作同样可能出现异常。可能finally中的异常会将try中的异常覆盖。有以下几个方法处理该问题

①在finally代码中自己捕获处理

②使用addSuppressed将异常全部抛出

③使用try-with-resources来释放资源

//例1
public static List<String> read(String fileName) throws IOException {
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
        try {
            FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(URI.create(PATH), conf);
            FSDataInputStream fsr = fs.open(new Path(""));
            bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fsr));
            //...
        } finally {
            if (bufferedReader != null) {
                try {
                    bufferedReader.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

//例2
public static List<String> read(String fileName) throws IOException {
        Exception ex = null;
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
        try {
            FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(URI.create(PATH), conf);
            FSDataInputStream fsr = fs.open(new Path(""));
            bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fsr));
            //...
        } catch (Exception e) {
            ex = e;
        } finally {
            if (bufferedReader != null) {
                try {
                    bufferedReader.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    if (e!= null) {
                        ex.addSuppressed(e);
                    } else {
                        ex = e;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

//例3
public static List<String> read(String fileName) throws IOException {
        try (FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(URI.create(PATH), conf);
             FSDataInputStream fsr = fs.open(new Path(""));
             BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fsr));) {
            //...
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println(e);
        }
        //...
    }

3、捕获异常后就一定要进行处理，不能直接生吞，反例如下：

    public void wrong() {
        try {
            ...
        } catch (Exception e) {//原始异常
            throw new RuntimeException("系统异常");
        }
    }

4、不能将异常定义为静态变量，避免异常栈信息错乱

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            wrong();
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            System.out.println("createOrder got error" + ex);
        }
        try {
            wrong2();
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            System.out.println("createlOrder got error" + ex);
        }
    }

    private static void wrong() {
        throw Exceptions.EXISTS;
    }

    private static void wrong2() {
        throw Exceptions.EXISTS;
    }
}

上述代码wrong2打出的异常堆栈信息提示显示了wrong方法，出现了异常信息固化。所以异常栈一定要根据当前调用来动态获取。