通过前面的系统调用,我们就进入socket的内核处理过程。
本节来看socket的创建
SYSCALL_DEFINE3(socket, int, family, int, type, int, protocol)
{
int retval;
struct socket *sock;
int flags;
/* Check the SOCK_* constants for consistency. */
BUILD_BUG_ON(SOCK_CLOEXEC != O_CLOEXEC);
BUILD_BUG_ON((SOCK_MAX | SOCK_TYPE_MASK) != SOCK_TYPE_MASK);
BUILD_BUG_ON(SOCK_CLOEXEC & SOCK_TYPE_MASK);
BUILD_BUG_ON(SOCK_NONBLOCK & SOCK_TYPE_MASK);
flags = type & ~SOCK_TYPE_MASK;
if (flags & ~(SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK))
return -EINVAL;
type &= SOCK_TYPE_MASK;
if (SOCK_NONBLOCK != O_NONBLOCK && (flags & SOCK_NONBLOCK))
flags = (flags & ~SOCK_NONBLOCK) | O_NONBLOCK;
retval = sock_create(family, type, protocol, &sock);
if (retval < 0)
goto out;
retval = sock_map_fd(sock, flags & (O_CLOEXEC | O_NONBLOCK));
if (retval < 0)
goto out_release;
out:
/* It may be already another descriptor 8) Not kernel problem. */
return retval;
out_release:
sock_release(sock);
return retval;
}
我们跳过这些不相关的,直接到关键代码
int __sock_create(struct net *net, int family, int type, int protocol,
struct socket **res, int kern)
{
int err;
struct socket *sock;
const struct net_proto_family *pf;
/*
* Check protocol is in range
*/
if (family < 0 || family >= NPROTO)
return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
if (type < 0 || type >= SOCK_MAX)
return -EINVAL;
/* Compatibility.
This uglymoron is moved from INET layer to here to avoid
deadlock in module load.
*/
if (family == PF_INET && type == SOCK_PACKET) {
static int warned;
if (!warned) {
warned = 1;
pr_info("%s uses obsolete (PF_INET,SOCK_PACKET)\n",
current->comm);
}
family = PF_PACKET;
}
err = security_socket_create(family, type, protocol, kern);
if (err)
return err;
/*
* Allocate the socket and allow the family to set things up. if
* the protocol is 0, the family is instructed to select an appropriate
* default.
*/
sock = sock_alloc();
if (!sock) {
net_warn_ratelimited("socket: no more sockets\n");
return -ENFILE; /* Not exactly a match, but its the
closest posix thing */
}
sock->type = type;
#ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
/* Attempt to load a protocol module if the find failed.
*
* 12/09/1996 Marcin: But! this makes REALLY only sense, if the user
* requested real, full-featured networking support upon configuration.
* Otherwise module support will break!
*/
if (rcu_access_pointer(net_families[family]) == NULL)
request_module("net-pf-%d", family);
#endif
rcu_read_lock();
pf = rcu_dereference(net_families[family]);
err = -EAFNOSUPPORT;
if (!pf)
goto out_release;
/*
* We will call the ->create function, that possibly is in a loadable
* module, so we have to bump that loadable module refcnt first.
*/
if (!try_module_get(pf->owner))
goto out_release;
/* Now protected by module ref count */
rcu_read_unlock();
err = pf->create(net, sock, protocol, kern);
if (err < 0)
goto out_module_put;
/*
* Now to bump the refcnt of the [loadable] module that owns this
* socket at sock_release time we decrement its refcnt.
*/
if (!try_module_get(sock->ops->owner))
goto out_module_busy;
/*
* Now that we're done with the ->create function, the [loadable]
* module can have its refcnt decremented
*/
module_put(pf->owner);
err = security_socket_post_create(sock, family, type, protocol, kern);
if (err)
goto out_sock_release;
*res = sock;
return 0;
out_module_busy:
err = -EAFNOSUPPORT;
out_module_put:
sock->ops = NULL;
module_put(pf->owner);
out_sock_release:
sock_release(sock);
return err;
out_release:
rcu_read_unlock();
goto out_sock_release;
}
针对sock = sock_alloc();我们来看具体是怎么回事
static struct socket *sock_alloc(void)
{
struct inode *inode;
struct socket *sock;
inode = new_inode_pseudo(sock_mnt->mnt_sb);
if (!inode)
return NULL;
sock = SOCKET_I(inode);
kmemcheck_annotate_bitfield(sock, type);
inode->i_ino = get_next_ino();
inode->i_mode = S_IFSOCK | S_IRWXUGO;
inode->i_uid = current_fsuid();
inode->i_gid = current_fsgid();
inode->i_op = &sockfs_inode_ops;
this_cpu_add(sockets_in_use, 1);
return sock;
}
struct inode *new_inode_pseudo(struct super_block *sb)
{
struct inode *inode = alloc_inode(sb);
if (inode) {
spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
inode->i_state = 0;
spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&inode->i_sb_list);
}
return inode;
}
可以看到,这里是文件节点的创建,那么它是怎么创建的呢?我们继续看
static int __init sock_init(void)
{
int err;
/*
* Initialize the network sysctl infrastructure.
*/
err = net_sysctl_init();
if (err)
goto out;
/*
* Initialize skbuff SLAB cache
*/
skb_init();
/*
* Initialize the protocols module.
*/
init_inodecache();
err = register_filesystem(&sock_fs_type);
if (err)
goto out_fs;
sock_mnt = kern_mount(&sock_fs_type);
if (IS_ERR(sock_mnt)) {
err = PTR_ERR(sock_mnt);
goto out_mount;
}
/* The real protocol initialization is performed in later initcalls.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_NETFILTER
err = netfilter_init();
if (err)
goto out;
#endif
ptp_classifier_init();
out:
return err;
out_mount:
unregister_filesystem(&sock_fs_type);
out_fs:
goto out;
}
可以i看到,文件系统是这里设置的,每次创建节点就是下面的cache分配的,每次分配的大小是sizeof(struct socket_alloc)
static int init_inodecache(void)
{
sock_inode_cachep = kmem_cache_create("sock_inode_cache",
sizeof(struct socket_alloc),
0,
(SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN |
SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT |
SLAB_MEM_SPREAD),
init_once);
if (sock_inode_cachep == NULL)
return -ENOMEM;
return 0;
}
分配的内容为:
struct socket_alloc {
struct socket socket;
struct inode vfs_inode;
};
static const struct super_operations sockfs_ops = {
.alloc_inode = sock_alloc_inode,
.destroy_inode = sock_destroy_inode,
.statfs = simple_statfs,
};
static struct inode *sock_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb)
{
struct socket_alloc *ei;
struct socket_wq *wq;
ei = kmem_cache_alloc(sock_inode_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!ei)
return NULL;
wq = kmalloc(sizeof(*wq), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!wq) {
kmem_cache_free(sock_inode_cachep, ei);
return NULL;
}
init_waitqueue_head(&wq->wait);
wq->fasync_list = NULL;
wq->flags = 0;
RCU_INIT_POINTER(ei->socket.wq, wq);
ei->socket.state = SS_UNCONNECTED;
ei->socket.flags = 0;
ei->socket.ops = NULL;
ei->socket.sk = NULL;
ei->socket.file = NULL;
return &ei->vfs_inode;
}
总结一下,这里实际就是创建了文件节点 inode,以及关联的 socket 数据结构,分配的时候是这两者之和,在文件系统那边返回的是inode,处理完了,再用SOCKET_I 这个宏拿到socket的数据结构。
接下来就进入
err = pf->create(net, sock, protocol, kern);
这里我们以 ipv4为例子
static const struct net_proto_family inet_family_ops = {
.family = PF_INET,
.create = inet_create,
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
};
static int inet_create(struct net *net, struct socket *sock, int protocol,
int kern)
{
struct sock *sk;
struct inet_protosw *answer;
struct inet_sock *inet;
struct proto *answer_prot;
unsigned char answer_flags;
int try_loading_module = 0;
int err;
if (protocol < 0 || protocol >= IPPROTO_MAX)
return -EINVAL;
sock->state = SS_UNCONNECTED;
/* Look for the requested type/protocol pair. */
lookup_protocol:
err = -ESOCKTNOSUPPORT;
rcu_read_lock();
list_for_each_entry_rcu(answer, &inetsw[sock->type], list) {
err = 0;
/* Check the non-wild match. */
if (protocol == answer->protocol) {
if (protocol != IPPROTO_IP)
break;
} else {
/* Check for the two wild cases. */
if (IPPROTO_IP == protocol) {
protocol = answer->protocol;
break;
}
if (IPPROTO_IP == answer->protocol)
break;
}
err = -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
}
if (unlikely(err)) {
if (try_loading_module < 2) {
rcu_read_unlock();
/*
* Be more specific, e.g. net-pf-2-proto-132-type-1
* (net-pf-PF_INET-proto-IPPROTO_SCTP-type-SOCK_STREAM)
*/
if (++try_loading_module == 1)
request_module("net-pf-%d-proto-%d-type-%d",
PF_INET, protocol, sock->type);
/*
* Fall back to generic, e.g. net-pf-2-proto-132
* (net-pf-PF_INET-proto-IPPROTO_SCTP)
*/
else
request_module("net-pf-%d-proto-%d",
PF_INET, protocol);
goto lookup_protocol;
} else
goto out_rcu_unlock;
}
err = -EPERM;
if (sock->type == SOCK_RAW && !kern &&
!ns_capable(net->user_ns, CAP_NET_RAW))
goto out_rcu_unlock;
sock->ops = answer->ops;
answer_prot = answer->prot;
answer_flags = answer->flags;
rcu_read_unlock();
WARN_ON(!answer_prot->slab);
err = -ENOBUFS;
sk = sk_alloc(net, PF_INET, GFP_KERNEL, answer_prot, kern);
if (!sk)
goto out;
err = 0;
if (INET_PROTOSW_REUSE & answer_flags)
sk->sk_reuse = SK_CAN_REUSE;
inet = inet_sk(sk);
inet->is_icsk = (INET_PROTOSW_ICSK & answer_flags) != 0;
inet->nodefrag = 0;
if (SOCK_RAW == sock->type) {
inet->inet_num = protocol;
if (IPPROTO_RAW == protocol)
inet->hdrincl = 1;
}
if (net->ipv4.sysctl_ip_no_pmtu_disc)
inet->pmtudisc = IP_PMTUDISC_DONT;
else
inet->pmtudisc = IP_PMTUDISC_WANT;
inet->inet_id = 0;
sock_init_data(sock, sk);
sk->sk_destruct = inet_sock_destruct;
sk->sk_protocol = protocol;
sk->sk_backlog_rcv = sk->sk_prot->backlog_rcv;
inet->uc_ttl = -1;
inet->mc_loop = 1;
inet->mc_ttl = 1;
inet->mc_all = 1;
inet->mc_index = 0;
inet->mc_list = NULL;
inet->rcv_tos = 0;
sk_refcnt_debug_inc(sk);
if (inet->inet_num) {
/* It assumes that any protocol which allows
* the user to assign a number at socket
* creation time automatically
* shares.
*/
inet->inet_sport = htons(inet->inet_num);
/* Add to protocol hash chains. */
sk->sk_prot->hash(sk);
}
if (sk->sk_prot->init) {
err = sk->sk_prot->init(sk);
if (err)
sk_common_release(sk);
}
out:
return err;
out_rcu_unlock:
rcu_read_unlock();
goto out;
}