c++组合、继承与多态性

一、实验目的

1、掌握继承机制。
2、掌握虚函数。
3、理解并掌握虚基类。

二、实验内容

1、编写一个程序：设计一个汽车类，数据成员有轮子个数、车重。小车类是汽车类的私有派生类，包含载客量。卡车类是汽车类的私有派生类，包含载客数和载重量。每个类都有数据的输出方法。
2、虚基类为Shape，从Shape派生出矩形类(宽、高)、椭圆类(横轴、纵轴)、三角形类、梯形类。给出各个类的构造函数，成员初始化，在基类中定义虚函数GetArea()(计算面积)和GetPeri()( 计算周长)，在派生类中改写。写出该程序的实现。
3.定义一个基类BaseClass，从它派生出类DerivedClass，BaseClass中定义虚析构函数，在主程序中将一个DerivedClass的对象地址赋给一个BaseClass的指针，并输出构造和析构信息。
4.下面是整型安全数组类的一部分：试完善类的定义，使下段程序能够正常运行且不会出现内存泄漏。

#include <iostream.h>
	class Array
	{
	public:
	Array(int x)
	{
	   count=x;
	   p=new int[count];
	}
	int & operator [](int x)
	{return *(p+x);}
	protected:
	int count;
	int *p;
	};
	int main()
	{
	Array a(10);
	Array b(a);
	//后续程序段略
	}

5. 定义一个基类BaseClass，从它派生出类DerivedClass，BaseClass有成员函数fn1()、fn2()，fn1()是虚函数，DerivedClass也有成员函数fn1()、fn2()，在主程序中定义一个DerivedClass的对象，分别用BaseClass和DerivedClass的指针来调用fn1()、fn2()。

#include"iostream"
using namespace std;
class BaseClass
{
public:
    virtual void fn1();
    void fn2();
    BaseClass()
    {
        cout<<" Destruct BaseClass "<<endl;
    }
};
class DerivedClass:public BaseClass
{
public:
    void fn1();
    void fn2();
    DerivedClass()
    {
        cout<<"Destruct DerivedClass"<<endl;
    }

};
int main()
{
    DerivedClass d1;
    DerivedClass *d2=&d1;
    BaseClass *b1=&d1;
    d2->fn1();
    d2->fn2();
    b1->fn1();
    b1->fn2();
    return 0;
}
void BaseClass::fn1()
{
    cout<<"the fn1 of BaseClass"<<endl;
}
void BaseClass::fn2()
{
      cout<<"the fn2 of BaseClass"<<endl;
}
void DerivedClass::fn1()
{
    cout<<"the fn1 of DerivedClass"<<endl;
}
void DerivedClass::fn2()
{
    cout<<"the fn2 of DerivedClass"<<endl;
}

6. 使用private和protected继承从基类创建两个新类。然后通过派生类的对象访问基类的私有数据成员(通过函数)。

三、源代码

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class car{
protected:
    int wheels,weight;
public:
    acar(int a,int b){
        wheels=a;
        weight=b;
    }
    void print(){
        cout<<"车轮数为："<<wheels<<endl;
        cout<<"重量为："<<weight<<endl;
    }
};
class mincar:private car{
    int minpassenger;
public:
    car::acar;
    car::print;
    mincar(int wheels,int weight){
        acar(wheels,weight);
        minpassenger=4;
    }
    void print(){
        cout<<"小车载客量为："<<minpassenger<<endl;
        car::print();
    }
};
class maxcar:private car{
    int maxpassenger,payload;
public:
    car::acar;
    car::print;
    maxcar(int wheels,int weight){
        acar(wheels,weight);
        maxpassenger=9;
        payload=2400;
    }
    void print(){
        cout<<"卡车载客量为："<<maxpassenger<<endl;
        cout<<"卡车核载为："<<payload<<endl;
        car::print();
    }
};
int main()
{
    mincar a(4,3000);
    maxcar b(8,5000);
    a.print();
    b.print();
    return 0;
}

 #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#define pi 3.14
class Shape
{
public:
    float x, y, wide, high,topwide;
    Shape() {};
    virtual void GetArea() = 0;//虚函数GetArea()(计算面积)
    virtual void GetPeri() = 0;
    virtual ~Shape() {};
};

//矩形类
class rectangle :virtual public Shape
{
public:
    rectangle(float a, float b)//矩形类的构造函数
    {
        wide = a;
        high = b;
    }
    void GetArea() {
        cout << "矩形面积为：" << wide * high << endl;
    }
    void GetPeri() {
        cout << "矩形周长为：" << 2 * (wide + high) << endl;
    }
};
//椭圆类
class ellipse :virtual public Shape
{
public:
    ellipse(float a, float b)//椭圆类的构造函数
    {
        x = a;
        y = b;
    }
    void GetArea() {
        cout << "椭圆面积为：" << pi * x/2 * y/2 << endl;
    }
    void GetPeri() {
        cout << "椭圆周长为：" <<2*pi*y/2+2*(x-y)<< endl;
    }
};
//三角形类
class triangle :virtual public Shape
{
public:
    triangle(float a, float b)//三角形类的构造函数
    {
        wide = a;
        high = b;
    }
    void GetArea() {
        cout << "三角形面积为：" << wide*high/ 2 << endl;
    }
    void GetPeri() {
        cout << "三角形周长为：" <<wide+high+5<< endl;
    }
};
//梯形类
class trapezoid :virtual public Shape
{
public:
    trapezoid(float a, float b, float c)//梯形类的构造函数
    {
        topwide = a;
        wide = b;
        high = c;
    }
    void GetArea() {
        cout << "梯形面积为：" << (topwide+wide)* high / 2 << endl;
    }
    void GetPeri() {
        cout << "梯形周长为：" << topwide + wide+ high+5 << endl;
    }
};
int main()
{
    rectangle b1(3, 4);
    b1.GetArea();
    b1.GetPeri();
    ellipse b2(6,4);
    b2.GetArea();
    b2.GetPeri();
    triangle b3(3, 4);
    b3.GetArea();
    b3.GetPeri();
    trapezoid b4(2, 5,4);
    b4.GetArea();
    b4.GetPeri();
    return 0;
}

#include"iostream"
using namespace std;
class BaseClass
{
public:
    BaseClass()
    {
        cout<<"inside BaseClass"<<endl;
    }
  virtual ~BaseClass()
    {
        cout<<"outside BaseClass"<<endl;
    }
};
class DerivedClass:public BaseClass
{
public:
    DerivedClass()
    {
        cout<<"insode DerivedClass"<<endl;
    }
    ~DerivedClass()
    {
        cout<<"outside DerivedClass"<<endl;
    }
};
int main()
{
     BaseClass *b=new DerivedClass;
     delete b;
    return 0;
}

4. #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
	class Array
	{
	public:
	Array(int x)
	{
	   count=x;
	   p=new int[count];
	}
	int & operator [](int x)
	{
	    if(x<count)
	    return *(p+x);
	    else{
            cout<<"error!"<<endl;
            return *p;
	    }
	    }
    ~Array(){
        if(p)
        delete[]p;
    }
	protected:
	int count;
	int *p;
	};
	int main()
	{
	Array a(10);
	Array b(a);
	return 0;
	}

5. #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
private:
    int a;
public:
    A(int x) :a(x) {}
    void GetA()
    {
        cout << a << endl;
    }
};
class  B:protected A
{
private:
    int c;
public:
    B(int x, int y) :A(x),c(y) {}
    void GetB()
    {
        GetA();
        cout << c << endl;
    }
};
class C :private A
{
private:
    int c;
public:
    C(int x, int y) :A(x),c(y) {}
    void GetC()
    {
        GetA();
        cout << c << endl;
    }
};
int main()
{
    C c1(1,3);
    B b1(1, 2);
    c1.GetC();
    b1.GetB();
    return 0;
}