Python 切片索引越界（数组下标越界）

前言

Python语言处理字符串、数组类的问题时有一定概率需要使用切片方法，比如：Leetcode_5。
学习官方解法时发现切片的索引可以超出字符串或数组最大索引值，此时编译器不会报错。
欢迎大佬留言说明这种情况的具体原因，本文只进行一些情况的简单测试。

实例代码

a = '123'
b = a[:5]
print(b)

发现结果为123，编译器没有报错。而当直接使用a[5]时即报错string index out of range。下面是测试结果。

测试代码（字符串）

a = "1234567890"
a1 = a[:]
a2 = a[:len(a)]
a3 = a[:15]
a4 = a[16:16]
a5 = a[:2]

运行结果：

This is the id of 'a' :  2707772994160
This is the type of 'a' :  <class 'str'>
This is the value of 'a' :  1234567890

This is the id of 'a1' :  2707772994160
This is the type of 'a1' :  <class 'str'>
This is the value of 'a1' :  1234567890

This is the id of 'a2' :  2707772994160
This is the type of 'a2' :  <class 'str'>
This is the value of 'a2' :  1234567890

This is the id of 'a3' :  2707772994160
This is the type of 'a3' :  <class 'str'>
This is the value of 'a3' :  1234567890

This is the id of 'a4' :  2707740774832
This is the type of 'a4' :  <class 'str'>
This is the value of 'a4' :  

This is the id of 'a5' :  2707773122544
This is the type of 'a5' :  <class 'str'>
This is the value of 'a5' :  12

值得注意的地方：

1. 若切片后结果与原来相同，则新字符串所指向的物理地址就是原字符串的物理地址(a1、a2、a3)。
2. 若切片后结果与原来不同，则新字符串指向新的物理地址(a5)。
3. 若当前切片索引范围内不存在合法数值，则返回相应类型的空值(a4)。

测试代码（数组）

b = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
b1 = b[:]
b2 = b[:len(b)]
b3 = b[:15]
b4 = b[16:16]
b5 = b[:2]

This is the id of 'b' :  2260784433096
This is the type of 'b' :  <class 'list'>
This is the value of 'b' :  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

This is the id of 'b1' :  2260784432456
This is the type of 'b1' :  <class 'list'>
This is the value of 'b1' :  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

This is the id of 'b2' :  2260784470920
This is the type of 'b2' :  <class 'list'>
This is the value of 'b2' :  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

This is the id of 'b3' :  2260784534280
This is the type of 'b3' :  <class 'list'>
This is the value of 'b3' :  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

This is the id of 'b4' :  2260784471432
This is the type of 'b4' :  <class 'list'>
This is the value of 'b4' :  []

This is the id of 'b5' :  2260784231944
This is the type of 'b5' :  <class 'list'>
This is the value of 'b5' :  [1, 2]

值得注意的地方：

1. 数组切片操作必定指向新的物理地址。
2. 若当前切片索引范围内不存在合法数值，则返回相应类型的空值(b4)。