Spring Cloud Alibaba：Nacos 作为注册中心和配置中心使用

Spring Cloud Alibaba：Nacos 作为注册中心和配置中心使用

摘要

Spring Cloud Alibaba 致力于提供微服务开发的一站式解决方案，Nacos 作为其核心组件之一，可以作为注册中心和配置中心使用 。

Nacos简介

Nacos 致力于帮助您发现、配置和管理微服务。Nacos 提供了一组简单易用的特性集，帮助您快速实现动态服务发现、服务配置、服务元数据及流量管理。

Nacos 具有如下特性:

• 服务发现和服务健康监测：支持基于DNS和基于RPC的服务发现，支持对服务的实时的健康检查，阻止向不健康的主机或服务实例发送请求；

• 动态配置服务：动态配置服务可以让您以中心化、外部化和动态化的方式管理所有环境的应用配置和服务配置；

• 动态 DNS 服务：动态 DNS 服务支持权重路由，让您更容易地实现中间层负载均衡、更灵活的路由策略、流量控制以及数据中心内网的简单DNS解析服务；

• 服务及其元数据管理：支持从微服务平台建设的视角管理数据中心的所有服务及元数据。

 

安装并运行Nacos

• 我们先从官网下载Nacos，这里下载的是nacos-server-1.3.1.zip文件，下载地址：github.com/alibaba/nac…

• 配置JAVA_HOME环境变量，不配置会导致无法运行Nacos；

JAVA_HOME=D:\developer\env\Java\jdk1.8.0_91
复制代码

• 解压安装包，直接运行bin目录下的startup.cmd；

• 运行成功后，访问http://localhost:8848/nacos可以查看Nacos的主页，默认账号密码都是nacos。

 

创建应用注册到Nacos

我们通过改造consul-demo-service和consul-ribbon-service来演示下服务注册与发现的功能，主要是将应用原来的Consul注册中心支持改为Nacos注册中心支持。

• 创建nacos-demo-service模块和nacos-ribbon-service模块；

nacos-demo-service

pom.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
​
​
    <groupId>com.reno</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud.nacos.demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>
    <name>springcloud.nacos.demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
​
​
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
​
​
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
​
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
​
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
​
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
​
​
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
​
​
    </dependencies>
​
​
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
​
​
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
​
​
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
​
</project>
​

 

yml文件

server:
  port: 38206
spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-demo-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置Nacos地址
management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: '*'
​
​
 

 

 

 

nacos-ribbon-service

pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
​
​
    <groupId>com.reno</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud.nacos.ribbon</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>
    <name>springcloud.nacos.ribbon</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
​
​
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
​
​
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
​
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
​
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
​
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
​
​
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
​
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
​
​
    </dependencies>
​
​
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
​
​
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
​
​
​
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
​
</project>
​

 

 

yml文件

server:
  port: 38338
spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-ribbon-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848
service-url:
  nacos-demo-service: http://nacos-demo-service
​

 

 

• 运行nacos-demo-service和nacos-ribbon-service，在Nacos页面上可以看到如下信息：

 

负载均衡功能

由于我们运行了两个nacos-demo-service，而nacos-ribbon-service默认会去调用它的接口，我们调用nacos-ribbon-service的接口来演示下负载均衡功能。

多次调用接口： http://localhost:38338/nacosRibbon/1 ，可以发现两个nacos-demo-service的控制台交替打印信息

使用Nacos作为配置中心

我们通过创建nacos-config-client模块，并在Nacos页面中添加配置信息来演示下配置管理的功能。

创建nacos-config-client模块

pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
​
​
    <groupId>com.reno</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud.nacos.config.client</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>
    <name>springcloud.nacos.config.client</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
​
​
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>
​
​
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
​
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
​
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
​
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
​
​
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
​
​
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
​
​
    </dependencies>
​
​
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
​
​
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
​
​
​
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
​
</project>
​

 

 

yml文件

server:
  port: 39121
spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-config-client
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848 #Nacos地址
      config:
        server-addr: localhost:8848 #Nacos地址
        file-extension: yaml #这里我们获取的yaml格式的配置

 

 

在Nacos中添加配置

• 我们先来讲下Nacos中的dataid的组成格式及与SpringBoot配置文件中的属性对应关系：

${spring.application.name}-${spring.profiles.active}.${spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension}

• 比如说我们现在要获取应用名称为nacos-config-client的应用在dev环境下的yaml配置，dataid如下：

nacos-config-client-dev.yaml

• 按照以上dataid添加如下配置：

config:
  info: "config info for dev"

• 填写配置示意图：

 

• 启动nacos-config-client，调用接口查看配置信息： http://localhost:39121/configInfo

config info for dev