Android中的Looper类,是用来封装消息循环和消息队列的一个类,用于在android线程中进行消息处理。handler其实可以看做是一个工具类,用来向消息队列中插入消息的。
(1) Looper类用来为一个线程开启一个消息循环。 默认情况下android中新诞生的线程是没有开启消息循环的。(主线程除外,主线程系统会自动为其创建Looper对象,开启消息循环。) Looper对象通过MessageQueue来存放消息和事件。一个线程只能有一个Looper,对应一个MessageQueue。
(2) 通常是通过Handler对象来与Looper进行交互的。Handler可看做是Looper的一个接口,用来向指定的Looper发送消息及定义处理方法。 默认情况下Handler会与其被定义时所在线程的Looper绑定,比如,Handler在主线程中定义,那么它是与主线程的Looper绑定。 mainHandler = new Handler() 等价于new Handler(Looper.myLooper()). Looper.myLooper():获取当前进程的looper对象,类似的 Looper.getMainLooper() 用于获取主线程的Looper对象。
(3) 在非主线程中直接new Handler() 会报如下的错误: E/AndroidRuntime( 6173): Uncaught handler: thread Thread-8 exiting due to uncaught exception E/AndroidRuntime( 6173): java.lang.RuntimeException: Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare() 原因是非主线程中默认没有创建Looper对象,需要先调用Looper.prepare()启用Looper。
(4) Looper.loop(); 让Looper开始工作,从消息队列里取消息,处理消息。
(5) 基于以上知识,可实现主线程给子线程(非主线程)发送消息。
把下面例子中的mHandler声明成类成员,在主线程通过mHandler发送消息即可。 Android官方文档中Looper的介绍: Class used to run a message loop for a thread. Threads by default do not have a message loop associated with them; to create one, call prepare() in the thread that is to run the loop, and then loop() to have it process messages until the loop is stopped.
Most interaction with a message loop is through the Handler class.
This is a typical example of the implementation of a Looper thread, using the separation of prepare() and loop() to create an initial Handler to communicate with the Looper.
- class LooperThread extends Thread
- {
- public Handler mHandler;
- public void run()
- {
- Looper.prepare();
- mHandler = new Handler()
- {
- public void handleMessage(Message msg)
- {
- // process incoming messages here
- }
- };
- Looper.loop();
- }
class LooperThread extends Thread
{
public Handler mHandler;
public void run()
{
Looper.prepare();
mHandler = new Handler()
{
public void handleMessage(Message msg)
{
// process incoming messages here
}
};
Looper.loop();
}
android HandlerThread使用小例
之前研究过handler 和 looper 消息队列,不过android里的handler不是另外开启线程来执行的,还是在主UI线程中,如果想另启线程的话需要用到HandlerThread来实现。在使用HandlerThread的时候需要实现CallBack接口以重写handlerMessage方法,在handlerMessage方法中来处理自己的逻辑。下来给出一个小例子程序。
layout文件很简单,就一个按钮来启动HanlderTread线程
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent"
- android:orientation="vertical" >
- <TextView
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="@string/hello" />
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/handlerThreadBtn"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="startHandlerThread" />
- </LinearLayout>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/hello" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/handlerThreadBtn"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="startHandlerThread" />
</LinearLayout>
Activity代码如下:
- package com.tayue;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Handler;
- import android.os.Handler.Callback;
- import android.os.HandlerThread;
- import android.os.Message;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- /**
- *
- * @author xionglei
- *
- */
- public class TestHandlerActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{
- public Button handlerThreadBTN;
- MyHandlerThread handlerThread;
- Handler handler;
- /** Called when the activity is first created. */
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- //打印UI线程的名称
- System.out.println("onCreate CurrentThread = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- handlerThreadBTN = (Button) findViewById(R.id.handlerThreadBtn);
- handlerThreadBTN.setOnClickListener(this);
- handlerThread = new MyHandlerThread("myHanler");
- handlerThread.start();
- //注意: 这里必须用到handler的这个构造器,因为需要把callback传进去,从而使自己的HandlerThread的handlerMessage来替换掉Handler原生的handlerThread
- handler = new Handler(handlerThread.getLooper(), handlerThread);
- }
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- //点击按钮后来开启线程
- handler.sendEmptyMessage(1);
- }
- private class MyHandlerThread extends HandlerThread implements Callback {
- public MyHandlerThread(String name) {
- super(name);
- }
- @Override
- public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
- //打印线程的名称
- System.out.println(" handleMessage CurrentThread = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
- return true;
- }
- }
- }
package com.tayue;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Handler.Callback;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.os.Message;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
/**
*
* @author xionglei
*
*/
public class TestHandlerActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{
public Button handlerThreadBTN;
MyHandlerThread handlerThread;
Handler handler;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//打印UI线程的名称
System.out.println("onCreate CurrentThread = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
setContentView(R.layout.main);
handlerThreadBTN = (Button) findViewById(R.id.handlerThreadBtn);
handlerThreadBTN.setOnClickListener(this);
handlerThread = new MyHandlerThread("myHanler");
handlerThread.start();
//注意: 这里必须用到handler的这个构造器,因为需要把callback传进去,从而使自己的HandlerThread的handlerMessage来替换掉Handler原生的handlerThread
handler = new Handler(handlerThread.getLooper(), handlerThread);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//点击按钮后来开启线程
handler.sendEmptyMessage(1);
}
private class MyHandlerThread extends HandlerThread implements Callback {
public MyHandlerThread(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
//打印线程的名称
System.out.println(" handleMessage CurrentThread = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
return true;
}
}
}
点击按钮,打印的日志如下(这里点击了3次) 07-06 09:32:48.776: I/System.out(780): onCreate CurrentThread = main 07-06 09:32:55.076: I/System.out(780): handleMessage CurrentThread = myHanler 07-06 09:32:58.669: I/System.out(780): handleMessage CurrentThread = myHanler 07-06 09:33:03.476: I/System.out(780): handleMessage CurrentThread = myHanler
HandlerThread就这么简单。
当然 android自己也有异步线程的handler,就是AsyncTask,这个类就是封装了HandlerThread 和handler来实现异步多线程的操作的。
同样可以这样使用:
- private boolean iscancel = false; //用户手动取消登录的标志位
- handlerThread = new HandlerThread("myHandlerThread");
- handlerThread.start();
- handler = new MyHandler(handlerThread.getLooper());
- // 将要执行的线程对象添加到线程队列中
- handler.post(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- Message message = handler.obtainMessage();
- UserBean user = Bbs.getInstance().Login(username, password);//耗时任务
- Bundle b = new Bundle();
- b.putSerializable("user", user);
- message.setData(b);
- message.sendToTarget(); //或使用 handler.sendMessage(message);
- }
- });
- class MyHandler extends Handler {
- public MyHandler(Looper looper) {
- super(looper);
- }
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- if(iscancel == false){
- // 操作UI线程的代码
- Bundle b = msg.getData();
- UserBean user = (UserBean)b.get("user");
- ......
- }
- }
- }