多线程详解

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-25 13:40:37 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-25 13:40:37 发布

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文章标签： java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/jhyy_cc/article/details/122395171

版权

继承Thread类

//创建线程方式一：继承Thread类，重写run()方法，调用start开启线程
public class TestThread1 extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在看代码"+i);

        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //main线程，主线程
        //创建一个线程对象
        TestThread1 testThread1 = new TestThread1();
        //调用start方法开启线程
        testThread1.start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在学习多线程"+i);

        }

    }
}

网图下载

工具包：commons-io-2.6.jar

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;

//实现多线程同步下载器
public class TestThread2 extends Thread{
    private String url;
    private String name;

    public TestThread2(String url, String name){
        this.name = name;
        this.url = url;
    }

    //线程执行体
    @Override
    public void run() {
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
        System.out.println("下载了文件名为"+name);

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread2 testThread2 = new TestThread2("https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/d401aef9ed0f4c9394ae8930e6686c26.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBA6Lev6L655pGG5pGK,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16","1.jpg");
        testThread2.start();
    }
}

//下载器
class  WebDownloader{
    //下载方法
    public void downloader(String url,String name){
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("IO异常，downloader方法出现问题");
        }
    }


}

实现runnable接口

//创建线程方式2：实现runnable接口，重写run方法，执行线程需要丢入runnable接口实现类，调用start方法
public class TestThread3 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在看代码" + i);

        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //main线程，主线程
        //创建runnable接口的实现类对象
        TestThread3 testThread3 = new TestThread3();
        //创建线程对象，通过线程对象来开启我们的线程，代理
        Thread thread = new Thread(testThread3);
        thread.start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("我在学习多线程"+i);

        }

    }
}

则用实现runnable接口的网图下载只需要改两处：

public class TestThread2 implements Runnable{

public static void main(String[] args) {
    TestThread2 testThread2 = new TestThread2("https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/d401aef9ed0f4c9394ae8930e6686c26.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_d3F5LXplbmhlaQ,shadow_50,text_Q1NETiBA6Lev6L655pGG5pGK,size_20,color_FFFFFF,t_70,g_se,x_16","1.jpg");
    new Thread(testThread2).start();
}

小结

初识并发问题

//多个线程同时操作同一个对象
//买火车票的例子
//发现问题：多个线程操作同一个资源的情况下，线程不安全，数据紊乱
public class TestThread4 implements Runnable{

    private int ticketNums = 10;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            if(ticketNums<=0)
                break;
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);//模拟延时
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到了第"+ticketNums--+"张票");
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args){
        TestThread4 ticket = new TestThread4();
        new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"小红").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"黄牛").start();
    }

}

龟兔赛跑

public class Race implements Runnable{

    //胜利者
    private static String winner;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i <= 200; i++) {
            //模拟兔子休息
            if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子")&& i%10==0){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(2);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            //判断比赛是否结束
            boolean flag = gameOver(i);
            //如果比赛结束了，就停止程序
            if(flag){
                break;
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"跑了"+i+"步");
        }
    }
    //判断比赛是否完成
    private boolean gameOver(int steps){
        if(winner!=null) {
            return true;
        }{
            if(steps>=200) {
                winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                System.out.println("winner is" + winner);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }


    public static void main(String[] args){
        Race race = new Race();
        new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
        new Thread(race,"乌龟").start();
    }
}

Lambda表达式

静态代理模式

//静态代理模式总结：
//真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一个接口
//代理对象要代理真实角色
//好处：代理对象可以做很多真实对象做不了的事情，真实对象专注做自己的事情
public class StaticProxy {
    public static void main(String[] args){

        /*new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("我爱你");
            }
        }).start();*/
        new Thread(()-> System.out.println("我爱你")).start();//Lambda表达式
        //此处对比理解，Thread代理runnable对象
        /*Weddingcompany weddingcompany = new Weddingcompany(new You());//把你给婚庆公司
        weddingcompany.HappyMarry();*/
        new Weddingcompany(new You()).HappyMarry();
    }
}

interface Marry{
    void HappyMarry();
}

//真实角色，你去结婚
class You implements Marry{
    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        System.out.println("老秦要结婚了");
    }
}

//代理角色，帮你结婚
class Weddingcompany implements Marry{

    //代理谁--》真实目标角色
    private Marry target;

    public Weddingcompany(Marry target) {
        this.target = target;
    }

    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        before();
        this.target.HappyMarry();//真实对象
        after();
    }

    private void after() {
        System.out.println("布置现场");
    }

    private void before() {
        System.out.println("收尾款");
    }
}

线程停止

//测试stop
//1.建议线程正常停止-->利用次数，不建议死循环
//2.建议使用标志位--->设置一个标志位
//3.不要使用stop或destroy等过时或JDK不建议使用的方法
public class TestStop implements Runnable {

    //设置一个标志位
    private boolean flag = true;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        int i = 0;
        while (flag){
            System.out.println("run...Thread"+i++);
        }

    }

    //设置一个公开的方法停止线程，转换标志位
    public void stop(){
        this.flag = false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args){
        TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
        new Thread(testStop).start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("main"+i);
            if(i==900){
                //调用stop方法切换标志位，让线程停止
                testStop.stop();
                System.out.println("线程该停止了");
            }
        }

    }
}

线程休眠sleep

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

public class TestSleep {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        //打印当前系统时间
        Date startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//获取系统当前时间
        while (true){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(startTime));
                startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//更新当前时间
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

线程礼让yield

public class TestYield {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyYield myYield = new MyYield();
        new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
        new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
    }
}

class MyYield implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程开始执行");
        Thread.yield();//礼让
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程停止执行");
    }
}

##线程强制执行join

public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("线程Vip来了"+i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread thread = new Thread(new TestJoin());
        thread.start();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            if(i==200){
                thread.join();//插队
            }
            System.out.println("main"+i);
        }
    }
}

线程状态观测

public class TestState {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("//");
        });

        //观察状态
        Thread.State state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);//NEW

        //观察启动
        thread.start();
        state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);//RUN

        while (state != Thread.State.TERMINATED) {//只要线程不终止，就一直输出状态
            Thread.sleep(100);
            state = thread.getState();//更新线程状态
            System.out.println(state);
        }
    }
}

线程优先级

public class TestPriorty {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        //主线程默认优先级
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
        MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
        //先设置优先级，再启动
        t1.start();
        t2.setPriority(1);
        t2.start();
        t3.setPriority(3);
        t3.start();
        t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
        t4.start();
    }
}

class MyPriority implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
    }
}

守护daemon线程

public class TestDaemon {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        God god = new God();
        You you = new You();
        Thread thread = new Thread(god);
        thread.setDaemon(true);//默认是false表示是用户线程，正常的线程都是用户线程
        thread.start();
        new Thread(you).start();
    }

}

class God implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            System.out.println("上帝保佑着你");
        }
    }
}
class You implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
            System.out.println("你一生都开心地活着");
        }
        System.out.println("-===goodbye! world===-");
    }
}

线程同步

锁机制：synchronized

public class UnsafeBank {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //账户
        Account account = new Account(1000,"结婚基金");
        Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
        Drawing wife = new Drawing(account,100,"wife");
        you.start();
        wife.start();
    }
}

//账户
class Account{
    int money;
    String name;

    public Account(int money, String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

//模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{
    Account account;
    int drawingMoney;
    int nowmoney;

    public Drawing(Account account, int drawingMoney, String name) {
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
    }
    //取钱
    //synchronize默认锁的是this

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //锁的对象是变化的量，需要增删改查的对象
        synchronized (account){
            //判断有没有钱
            if(account.money-drawingMoney<0){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够了");
                return;
            }
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            //卡内余额 = 余额-取的钱
            account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
            nowmoney = nowmoney + drawingMoney;
            System.out.println(account.name+"余额为："+account.money);
            System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱："+nowmoney);
        }

    }
}

死锁

public class DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0,"灰姑娘");
        Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1,"白雪公主");
        g1.start();
        g2.start();
    }
}
//口红
class Lipstick{

}
//镜子
class Mirror{

}
class Makeup extends Thread{
    //需要的资源只有一份，用static来保证只有一份
    static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();
    int choice;
    String girlName;

    public Makeup(int choice, String girlName) {
        this.choice = choice;
        this.girlName = girlName;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    //化妆，互相持有对方的锁，就是需要拿到对方的资源
    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if(choice==0){
            synchronized (lipstick){
                //获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            }
            synchronized (mirror){//一秒钟后想获得镜子的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
            }
        }else {
            synchronized (mirror){
                //获得镜子的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            }
            synchronized (lipstick){//一秒钟后想获得口红的锁
                System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
            }
        }
    }
}

lock锁

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class TestLock {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
    }
}
class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
    int ticketNums = 10;
    //定义lock锁
    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            try {
                lock.lock();//加锁
                if(ticketNums>0){
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(ticketNums--);
                }else {
                    break;
                }
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();

            }
        }
    }
}

线程通信

管程法

public class TestPc {
    public static void main(String[] args){
    SynContainer container = new SynContainer();
    new Producer(container).start();
    new Consumer(container).start();
    }
}
//生产者
class Producer extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;

    public Producer(SynContainer container) {
        this.container = container;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            container.push(new Chicken(i));
            System.out.println("生产了"+i+"只鸡");
        }
    }
}
//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;

    public Consumer(SynContainer container) {
        this.container = container;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("消费了-->"+container.pop().id+"只鸡");
        }
    }
}
//产品
class Chicken{
    int id;

    public Chicken(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}
//缓冲区
class SynContainer{
    //需要一个容器大小
    Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
    //容器计数器
    int count = 0;
    //生产者放入产品
    public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
        //如果容器满了，就需要等待消费者消费
        if(count== chickens.length){
            //通知消费者消费，生产者等待
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果没有满，就放入产品
        chickens[count] = chicken;
        count++;
        //可以通知消费者消费了
        this.notifyAll();
    }

    //消费者消费产品
    public synchronized Chicken pop(){
        //判断能否消费
        if(count==0){
            //等待生产者生产，消费者等待
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果可以消费
        count--;
        Chicken chicken = chickens[count];
        //吃完了，通知生产者生产
        this.notifyAll();
        return chicken;
    }



}

信号灯法

使用线程池 $[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-aQvRu1Cc-1641720681329)(C:\Users\ASUS\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20220108204950506.png)]$

在这里插入图片描述

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class TestPool {
    public static void main(String[] args){
    //创建服务，创建线程池
    //newFixedThreadPool参数为：线程池大小
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        //关闭连接
        service.shutdown();
    }
}

class MyThread implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}

网络编程

IP

ip地址：InetAddress

127.0.0.1 本机localhost

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class TestInetAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        try {
            //查询本机地址
            InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            System.out.println(inetAddress1);
            InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            System.out.println(inetAddress3);
            InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println(inetAddress4);

            //查询网络ip地址
            InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
            System.out.println(inetAddress2);

            //常用方法
            //System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//获取规范名字
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名，或自己电脑的名字

        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

端口

InetSocketAddress

共有端口号0~1023

http：80

https：443

ftp：21

Telent：23

程序注册端口：1024~49151，分配用户或者程序

Tomcat：8080

MySQL：3306

Oracle：1521

动态、私有：49152~65535

netstat -ano//查看端口

tcp传输文件

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //创建一个Socket连接
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
        //创建一个输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        //读取文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("cat.jpg"));
        //写出文件
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        //通知服务器，结束了
        socket.shutdownOutput();

        //确定服务器接收完毕，才能够断开连接
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        //String byte[]
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

       byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
       int len2;
        while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
            baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
        }
        System.out.println(baos.toString());

        //关闭资源
        baos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class TcpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //创建服务
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
        //监听客户端连接
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听，会一直等待客户端连接
        //获取输入流
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        //文件输出
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);

        }

        //通知客户端接收完毕
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("我接受完毕了，你可以断开了".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));

        //关闭资源
        fos.close();
        socket.close();
        is.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

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多线程详解

继承Thread类//创建线程方式一：继承Thread类，重写run()方法，调用start开启线程public class TestThread1 extends Thread{ @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { System.out.println("我在看代码"+i); } } public static voi
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