这里写目录标题
注解和反射
什么是注解
Annotation
元注解
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@MyAnnotation
public class Test01 {
@MyAnnotation
public void test(){}
}
//定义一个注解
@Target(value = {ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})//约束该注解,用于方法和类之上
//Retention表示注解在什么地方还有效
//runtime > class > sources
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
//Documented 表示是否将注解生成在Javadoc中
@Documented
//Inherited 子类可以继承父类的注解
@Inherited
@interface MyAnnotation{//定义注解:@interface + 注解名
}
自定义注解
import java.lang.annotation.*;
public class Test01 {
//注解可以赋值,如果没有默认值就必须赋值
@MyAnnotation(name = "cc",schools = {"西工大","交大"})
public void test(){}
@MyAnnotation2("cc")//注解参数用value命名,可以省略value=
public void test2(){}
}
@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation{
//注解的参数:参数类型+参数名();
String name() default "";//default默认为空
int age() default 0;
int id() default -1;//如果默认值为负一,代表不存在
String[] schools();
}
@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation2{
String value();//只有一个参数可以用value命名
}
反射概述
获得反射对象
主要API:
public class Test02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//通过反射获取类的class对象
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.cc.lesson01.User");
Class c2 = Class.forName("com.cc.lesson01.User");
Class c3 = Class.forName("com.cc.lesson01.User");
Class c4 = Class.forName("com.cc.lesson01.User");
//一个类在内存中只有一个class对象
//一个类被加载后,类的整个结构都会被封装在Class对象中
System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
System.out.println(c4.hashCode());
}
}
获取Class类的实例
import java.sql.SQLOutput;
public class Test03 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
Person person = new Student();
System.out.println("这个人是:"+person.name);
//方式一:通过对象获得
Class c1 = person.getClass();
//方式二:forname获得
Class c2 = Class.forName("com.cc.lesson01.Student");
//方式三:通过类名.class获得
Class c3 = Student.class;
//方式四:基本内置类型的包装类都有一个Type属性
Class c4 = Integer.TYPE;
//获得父类类型
Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass();
System.out.println(c5);
}
}
class Person{
public String name;
public Person() {
}
public Person(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
class Student extends Person{
public Student() {
this.name = "学生";
}
}
class Teacher extends Person{
public Teacher() {
this.name = "老师";
}
}
哪些类型可以有Class对象
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
public class Test04 {
public static void main(String[] args){
Class c1 = Object.class;//类
Class c2 = Comparable.class;//接口
Class c3 = String[].class;//一维数组
Class c4 = int[][].class;//二维数组
Class c5 = Override.class;//注解
Class c6 = ElementType.class;//枚举
Class c7 = Integer.class;//基本数据类型
Class c8 = void.class;//void
Class c9 = Class.class;//Class
System.out.println(c1);
System.out.println(c2);
System.out.println(c3);
System.out.println(c4);
System.out.println(c5);
System.out.println(c6);
System.out.println(c7);
System.out.println(c8);
System.out.println(c9);
//只要元素类型与维度一样,就是同一个Class
int[] a = new int[10];
int[] b = new int[100];
System.out.println(a.getClass().hashCode());
System.out.println(b.getClass().hashCode());
}
}
java内存分析
public class Test05 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a = new A();
System.out.println(A.m);
/*
1.加载到内存,会产生一个类对应class对象
2.链接,链接结束后m = 0
3.初始化
<clinit>(){
System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
m = 300;
static int m = 100;
}即静态代码合并
m = 100
*/
}
}
class A{
static {
System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
m = 300;
}
static int m = 100;
public A(){
System.out.println("A的无参构造初始化");
}
}
分析类初始化
public class Test06 {
static {
System.out.println("main类初始化");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//1.主动引用
//Son son = new Son();
//反射也会产生主动引用
//Class.forName("com.cc.lesson01.Son");
//不会产生类的引用的方法
//System.out.println(Son.b);//子类不初始化
//Son[] array = new Son[5];//子类不初始化
System.out.println(Son.M);//子类不初始化
}
}
class Father{
static int b = 2;
static {
System.out.println("父类初始化");
}
}
class Son extends Father{
static {
System.out.println("子类初始化");
m = 300;
}
static int m = 100;
static final int M = 1;
}
类加载器的作用
获取类的运行时结构
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class Test07 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.cc.lesson01.User");
//获得类的名字
System.out.println(c1.getName());
System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName());
//获得类的属性
System.out.println("===============");
Field[] fields = c1.getFields();//只能找到public属性
fields = c1.getDeclaredFields();//找到全部的属性
for (Field field : fields) {
System.out.println(field);
}
//获得指定属性的值
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
System.out.println(name);
//获得类的方法
System.out.println("===============");
Method[] methods = c1.getMethods();//获得本类及其父类的全部public方法
for (Method method : methods) {
System.out.println("正常的:"+method);
}
methods = c1.getDeclaredMethods();//获得本类的所有方法
for (Method method : methods) {
System.out.println("Declared:"+method);
}
//获得指定方法
//方法有重载,所有要传参数类型
Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName", null);
Method setName = c1.getMethod("setName", String.class);
System.out.println(getName);
System.out.println(setName);
//获得指定构造器
System.out.println("===============");
Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors();
for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
System.out.println(constructor);
}
constructors = c1.getDeclaredConstructors();
for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
System.out.println("#"+constructor);
}
//获得指定构造器
Constructor declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
System.out.println("指定"+declaredConstructor);
}
动态创建对象执行方法
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class Test09 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {
//获得Class对象
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.cc.lesson01.User");
//构造一个对象
User user = (User) c1.newInstance();
System.out.println(user);
//通过构造器创建对象
Constructor constructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
User user2 = (User) constructor.newInstance("cc",001,22);
System.out.println(user2);
//通过反射调用普通方法
User user3 = (User) c1.newInstance();
//通过反射获取一个方法
Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
setName.invoke(user3,"cc");//invoke激活 (对象,“方法的参数值”)
System.out.println(user3.getName());
//通过反射操作属性
System.out.println("====================");
User user4 = (User) c1.newInstance();
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
//不能直接操作私有属性,我们需要关闭程序安全检测,属性或方法的setAccessible(true)
name.setAccessible(true);//
name.set(user4,"cc2");
System.out.println(user4.getName());
}
}
获取泛型信息
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class Test10 {
public void test01(Map<String,User> map, List<User> list){
System.out.println("test01");
}
public Map<String,User> test02(){
System.out.println("test02");
return null;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException {
Method method = Test10.class.getMethod("test01", Map.class, List.class);
Type[] genericParameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();
//获取泛型参数类型
for (Type genericParameterType : genericParameterTypes) {
System.out.println("#"+genericParameterType);
if(genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType){//如果是泛型参数类型,就强转为ParameterizedType(参数化类型),并获取真实参数类型
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
}
}
}
method = Test10.class.getMethod("test02", null);
Type genericReturnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
if(genericReturnType instanceof ParameterizedType){//如果是泛型参数类型,就强转为ParameterizedType(参数化类型),并获取真实参数类型
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericReturnType).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
}
}
}
}
获取注解信息
import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
//练习通过反射获得注解
public class Test11 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.cc.lesson01.Student2");
//通过反射获得注解
Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
System.out.println(annotation);
}
//获得注解的值
Tablekuang tablekuang = (Tablekuang)c1.getAnnotation(Tablekuang.class);
String value = tablekuang.value();
System.out.println(value);
//获得类指定属性注解
Field f = c1.getDeclaredField("id");
Fieldkuang annotation = f.getAnnotation(Fieldkuang.class);
System.out.println(annotation.columnName());
System.out.println(annotation.type());
System.out.println(annotation.length());
}
}
@Tablekuang("db_student")
class Student2{
@Fieldkuang(columnName = "db_id",type = "int",length = 10)
private int id;
@Fieldkuang(columnName = "db_age",type = "int",length = 10)
private int age;
@Fieldkuang(columnName = "db_name",type = "varchar",length = 3)
private String name;
public Student2() {
}
public Student2(int id, int age, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student2{" +
"id=" + id +
", age=" + age +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
//类名的注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Tablekuang{
String value();
}
//属性的注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Fieldkuang{
String columnName();//列名
String type();
int length();
}