Junit测试maven+ssm项目的过程及出现的错误总结

junit进行单元测试通常有两种：

1. 不使用spring封装的junit，手动加载

package com.puhua.test;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests;

import com.puhua.model.Users;
import com.puhua.service.UsersService;

public class TestUsersMapper extends AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests{


    private UsersService usersService;

    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
    @Before  
    public void before(){                                                                             

        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String []{"classpath*/spring-mybatis.xml","classpath*:/spring-mvc.xml"});  
        System.out.println("_________________________");
        usersService = (UsersService) context.getBean("usersServiceImpl");
    }

    @Test  
    public void testSelectByPrimaryKey(){
        Long id = new Long(1);
        Users user = usersService.selectByPrimaryKey(id); 
        System.out.println(user);
    }  
}

2.通过spring封装的junit实现注解测试：

package com.puhua.test;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;

import com.puhua.model.Users;
import com.puhua.service.UsersService;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath*:/spring-mybatis.xml","classpath*:/spring-mvc.xml"})
@WebAppConfiguration
public class SpringTest extends AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests {

    @Resource
     private UsersService usersService;

     @Test
     public void testSelectByPrimaryKey(){
         Long id = new Long(1);
         Users user = usersService.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
         System.out.println(user.getUserName());
     }
}

下面重点讲通过spring注解方式进行junit测试出现的问题及解决方法：

1.基类上的三个注解一个都不能少：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath*:/spring-mybatis.xml","classpath*:/spring-mvc.xml"})
@WebAppConfiguration

其中@ContextConfiguration用来加载spring的配置文件，如果有多个，需要以逗号分开，也可以用通配符如：

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath*:/spring-*.xml"})

但需要重点注意的是:classpath后面的*号不能少，如果没有星号，会报如下错：

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'com.puhua.test.SpringTest': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.puhua.service.UsersService com.puhua.test.SpringTest.usersService; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.puhua.service.UsersService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at ...

除此之外，@WebAppConfiguration的作用是：表明该类会使用web应用程序的默认根目录来载入ApplicationContext, 默认的更目录是”src/main/webapp”, 如果需要更改这个更目录可以修改该注释的value值。如果没加此注解，报错和上面一样

2.一切准备就绪，开始测试，发现又报错了，报错为

Can't find bundle for base name javax.servlet.LocalStrings, locale zh_CN

原因是缺少WEB服务运行的相关包，右键项目->build path->add Library->Server Runtime->选择你的tomcat，OK！

再次测试，可以查到数据！