python基础知识之类和文件

python—class

1. Class Syntax

• 使用class 关键字声明一个类
• 使用__init__() 函数进行类的初始化
• 类中变量和方法的定义

class Fruit(object):
    def __init__(self, name, color):
        self.name = name
        self.color = color
    def description(self):
        print "I'm a %s %s" % (self.name, self.color)
lemon = Fruit("lemon", "yellow")

2. 继承

class Shape(object):
    """Makes shapes!"""
    def __init__(self, number_of_sides):
        self.number_of_sides = number_of_sides

# Add your Triangle class below!
class Triangle(Shape):
    def __init__(self, side1, side2, side3):
        self.side1 = side1
        self.side2 = side2
        self.side3 = side3

super()

class Employee(object):
    def __init__(self, employee_name):
        self.employee_name = employee_name
    def calculate_wage(self, hours):
        self.hours = hours
        return hours * 20
class PartTimeEmployee(Employee):
    def calculate_wage(self, hours):
        self.hours = hours
        return hours * 12
    def full_time_wage(self, hours):
        return super(PartTimeEmployee, self).calculate_wage(hours)
milton = PartTimeEmployee("liujia")
print milton.full_time_wage(10)
#输出：200

File Input/Output

my_list = [i**2 for i in range(1,11)]
#以写的方式打开output.txt文件
my_file = open("output.txt", "r+")
for item in my_list:
    my_file.write(str(item) + '\n')
my_file.close()

#读文件
my_file = open("output.txt", "r")
print my_file.read()
my_file.close()

with/as

with open("text.txt", 'w') as textfile:
    textfile.write("Success!")

检查文件是否关闭

文件对象有一个closed属性，当closed = True时，说明文件已经关闭，当closed = False，说明文件没有关闭

with open("text.txt", "w") as my_file:
    my_file.write('love')
if my_file.closed == "False":
    my_file.close()