SharedProvider一个SharedPreferences 多进程解决方案,内部使用ContentProvider方式实现。
由于app采用了多进程的方式,踩了SharedPreferences的坑。所以决定用ContentProvider来实现一个自己的SharedPreferences。
github项目地址
坑1:SharedPreferences最大的坑就是多进程读取
描述问题:我在A进程中写入UserId,在B进程中读取UserId进行网络访问,有的时候会出现莫名其妙的问题,读取的UserId不是null就是上一次的UserId。
查阅官方文档:Android在api11的时候加入MODE_MULTI_PROCESS来支持多进程,但是在api23的时候废弃了这个flag,理由是在某些版本的android系统上,它无法可靠的运行,而且对于跨进程的并发修改没有提供任何机制来保证。应该使用ContentProvider来代替它进程多进程的数据修改。
坑2:多进程反复读写SharedPreferences
描述问题:我在A进程中反复写入SharedPreferences,在B进程中同时写入同一个name的SharedPreferences,导致B进程无法写入。
官方文档上描述:对于跨进程的并发修改没有提供任何机制来保证。
坑3:乱用SharedPreferences
这个我就不再这里写了,网上有大神写的非常详细点击这里
由于以后要调整架构采用组件化,每个组件需要读写一些app的公用信息例如登陆信息等,所以我做了扩展SharedProvider中除了基本信息还可以保存对象和集合
sharedProvider.edit().putObject(KEY_6, articleK, ArticleK.class.getName());
sharedProvider.edit().putList(KEY_7, articleKList);
sharedProvider.edit().putMap(KEY_8, kArticleVMap);
sharedProvider.edit().putSet(KEY_9, articleKSet);
综合以上问题所以决定用ContentProvider来实现一个自己的SharedPreferences。
项目地址点击这里
Maven
<dependency>
<groupId>com.andrjhf.sharedprovider</groupId>
<artifactId>sharedprovider-library</artifactId>
<version>1.0.2</version>
<type>pom</type>
</dependency>
Gradle via JCenter
compile 'com.andrjhf.sharedprovider:sharedprovider-library:1.0.2'
编译版本和最小支持版本
android {
compileSdkVersion 23
buildToolsVersion "23.0.1"
defaultConfig {
minSdkVersion 9
targetSdkVersion 22
...
}
}
接入方法:
在AndroidManifest.xml中增加如下方法,标准的provider
android:authorities=”com.andrjhf.sharedprovider”不能修改
<provider
android:name="com.andrjhf.sharedprovider.PreferencesContentProvider"
android:authorities="com.andrjhf.sharedprovider"
android:enabled="true"
android:exported="false"></provider>
测试方法:
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
public static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
public static final String SHARED_NAME = "sharedName1";
public static final String SHARED_NAME2 = "sharedName2";
private static final String KEY_1 = "key1";
private static final String KEY_2 = "key2";
private static final String KEY_3 = "key3";
private static final String KEY_4 = "key4";
private static final String KEY_5 = "key5";
private static final String KEY_6 = "key6";
private static final String KEY_7 = "key7";
private static final String KEY_8 = "key8";
private static final String KEY_9 = "key9";
private static final String KEY_10 = "key10";
private static final String KEY_11 = "key11";
private static final String KEY_12 = "key12";
private static final String KEY_13 = "key13";
private SharedProvider sharedProvider;
private SharedProvider sharedProvider2;
private int count = 0;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
List<ArticleK> articleKList = new ArrayList<>();
Map<ArticleK, ArticleV> kArticleVMap = new HashMap<>();
Set<ArticleK> articleKSet = new HashSet<>();
ArticleK articleK = new ArticleK();
articleK.setTitle("标题");
articleK.setDesc("我是一个简介");
articleK.setImg("http://www.baidu.com/");
articleK.setUrl("http://www.google.com/");
articleKList.add(articleK);
articleK = new ArticleK();
articleK.setTitle("标题11111");
articleK.setDesc("我是一个简介11111");
articleK.setImg("http://www.baidu.com/11111");
articleK.setUrl("http://www.google.com/11111");
articleKList.add(articleK);
ArticleV articleV = new ArticleV();
articleK.setTitle("标题vvvvv");
articleK.setDesc("我是一个简介vvvvv");
articleK.setImg("http://www.baidu.com/vvvvv");
articleK.setUrl("http://www.google.com/vvvvv");
kArticleVMap.put(articleK, articleV);
articleKSet.add(articleK);
sharedProvider = new SharedProviderImpl(getApplicationContext(), SHARED_NAME);
sharedProvider.edit().putString(KEY_1, "value1");
sharedProvider.edit().putInt(KEY_2, 100);
sharedProvider.edit().putLong(KEY_3, 100000000L);
sharedProvider.edit().putFloat(KEY_4, 66.66F);
sharedProvider.edit().putBoolean(KEY_5, false);
sharedProvider.edit().putObject(KEY_6, articleK, ArticleK.class.getName());
sharedProvider.edit().putList(KEY_7, articleKList);
sharedProvider.edit().putMap(KEY_8, kArticleVMap);
sharedProvider.edit().putSet(KEY_9, articleKSet);
sharedProvider.edit().putString(KEY_10, "value10");
sharedProvider.edit().remove(KEY_10);
// sharedProvider.edit().clear();
sharedProvider2 = new SharedProviderImpl(getApplicationContext(), SHARED_NAME2);
sharedProvider2.edit().putString(KEY_1, "value1");
sharedProvider2.edit().putInt(KEY_2, 100);
sharedProvider2.edit().putLong(KEY_3, 100000000L);
sharedProvider2.edit().putFloat(KEY_4, 66.66F);
sharedProvider2.edit().putBoolean(KEY_5, true);
sharedProvider2.edit().putObject(KEY_6, articleK, ArticleK.class.getName());
sharedProvider2.edit().putList(KEY_7, articleKList);
sharedProvider2.edit().putMap(KEY_8, kArticleVMap);
sharedProvider2.edit().putSet(KEY_9, articleKSet);
sharedProvider2.edit().putString(KEY_10, "value10");
Log.e(TAG, KEY_1 + " : " + sharedProvider2.getString(KEY_1, "default_key_1"));
Log.e(TAG, KEY_2 + " : " + sharedProvider2.getInt(KEY_2, -100));
Log.e(TAG, KEY_3 + " : " + sharedProvider2.getLong(KEY_3, -1000L));
Log.e(TAG, KEY_4 + " : " + sharedProvider2.getFloat(KEY_4, -55.55F));
Log.e(TAG, KEY_5 + " : " + sharedProvider2.getBoolean(KEY_5, false));
Log.e(TAG, KEY_6 + " : " + sharedProvider2.getObject(KEY_6, ArticleK.class.getName()));
Log.e(TAG, KEY_7 + " : " + sharedProvider2.getList(KEY_7));
Log.e(TAG, KEY_8 + " : " + sharedProvider2.getMap(KEY_8));
Log.e(TAG, KEY_9 + " : " + sharedProvider2.getSet(KEY_9));
Log.e(TAG, KEY_10 + " : " + sharedProvider2.getString(KEY_10, "default10"));
Log.e(TAG, "ALL" + " : " + sharedProvider2.getAll());
//如果获取类型错误会返回默认值,没有类型转换
Log.e(TAG, "Default " + KEY_2 + " : " + sharedProvider2.getLong(KEY_2, -1000L));
Log.e(TAG, "Default " + KEY_3 + " : " + sharedProvider2.getInt(KEY_3, -100));
sharedProvider2.contains(KEY_1);
// Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, MyService.class);
// startService(intent);
// new Thread(new Runnable() {
// @Override
// public void run() {
// while (true) {
// try {
// TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(500);
// } catch (InterruptedException e) {
// e.printStackTrace();
// }
// int keyInt7 = sharedProvider.getInt(KEY_7, -1);
// Log.e(TAG, KEY_7 + " : " + keyInt7);
sharedProvider.edit().putInt(KEY_7, count++);
// }
// }
// }).start();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
String string = getFromAssets("test.txt");
SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences("app", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
// sharedPreferences.edit().putString(string, "value").commit();
// Log.e(TAG, "set preferences end - start = " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
//
// start = System.currentTimeMillis();
// sharedProvider2.edit().putString(string, "value");
// Log.e(TAG, "set provider end - start = " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
start = System.currentTimeMillis();
sharedPreferences.edit().putString("key", "1111111111111111111111111111111").commit();
Log.e(TAG, "set preferences end - start = " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
start = System.currentTimeMillis();
sharedProvider2.edit().putString("key", "1111111111111111111111111111111");
Log.e(TAG, "set provider end - start = " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
// start = System.currentTimeMillis();
// String valuepre = sharedPreferences.getString("key", "");
// Log.e(TAG, "get preferences end - start = " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
//
// start = System.currentTimeMillis();
// valuepre = sharedProvider2.getString("key", "");
// Log.e(TAG, "get provider end - start = " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
}
}).start();
}
public void onClick(View view) {
sharedProvider.edit().putString(KEY_8, "sdfsdfsdfsdf");
Toast.makeText(this, KEY_8, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
public String getFromAssets(String fileName) {
try {
InputStreamReader inputReader = new InputStreamReader(getResources().getAssets().open(fileName));
BufferedReader bufReader = new BufferedReader(inputReader);
String line = "";
String Result = "";
while ((line = bufReader.readLine()) != null)
Result += line;
return Result;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
缺陷:
ContentProvider多进程访问的时候有时会导致Client端进程被kill。
感谢@Shawn_Dut提出的问题。
例子:Service进程在写数据,Client进程在读取数据,如果Service进程由于各种原因挂掉了,Client进程有可能被kill,这个问题无法规避。
具体原因请点击这里QQ音乐技术团队的帖子。