ABAP/4 报表编程模板初学者必看
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report
*&Module
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*&Created
*&Modified
*
*
*
*
*
*
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
INCLUDE Z_X_XXXXXTOP.
*----以下三个子程序只有在多个程序调用同一逻辑时才建议使用-----*
*INCLUDE Z_X_XXXXXO01.
*INCLUDE Z_X_XXXXXI01.
*INCLUDE Z_X_XXXXXF01.
INITIALIZATION.
*
AT SELECTION-SCREEN.
*
START-OF-SELECTION.
*
AT LINE-SELECTION.
*
AT USER-COMMAND.
*
TOP-OF-PAGE.
*
END-OF-PAGE.
*
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
form PRECESS_DATA.
*如果逻辑简单, 则合并若干form为一个
ENDform.
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
form SEL_DBTAB_XXXXX.
select * into corresponding fields of itab_sales
if sy-subrc ne0.
continue.
endif.
append itab_sales.
clear itab_sales.
endselect.
ENDform.
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
form CMP_ITAB_XXXXX.
ENDform.
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
form WRT_ITAB_RESULT.
*
ENDform.
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
form PAGE_HEADER.
ENDform.
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
form INI_DATA.
ENDform.
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
form INI_SELECTION_SCREEN.
ENDform.
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*& IncludeZ_X_XXXXXTOP
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
REPORT
*-------------------声明系统字典对象----------------------------*
TABLES: t001.
*--------------------声明 Selection-screen变量-----------------*
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK B1
SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP.
SELECT-OPTIONS: S_BUKRS
PARAMETERS:
SELECTION-SCREEN END
*--------------------声明全局变量-------------------------------*
*声明内表时，表名为 ITAB_XXXX，后缀尽可能为关联DBTab或内表用途
DATA:
RANGES: R_FIELD
说明：以上是模板程序的框架及说明，在R/3系统的开发环境中有该模板程序(Z_X_XXXXX)，建议编程序之前，先将该程序另存一新文件，再根据需要修改这新文件。
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report
*&Module
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*&Created
*&Modified
*
*
*
*
*
*
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
INCLUDE Z_X_XXXXXTOP.
*----以下三个子程序只有在多个程序调用同一逻辑时才建议使用-----*
*INCLUDE Z_X_XXXXXO01.
*INCLUDE Z_X_XXXXXI01.
*INCLUDE Z_X_XXXXXF01.
INITIALIZATION.
*
AT SELECTION-SCREEN.
*
START-OF-SELECTION.
*
AT LINE-SELECTION.
*
AT USER-COMMAND.
*
TOP-OF-PAGE.
*
END-OF-PAGE.
*
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
form PRECESS_DATA.
*如果逻辑简单, 则合并若干form为一个
ENDform.
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
form SEL_DBTAB_XXXXX.
select * into corresponding fields of itab_sales
if sy-subrc ne0.
continue.
endif.
append itab_sales.
clear itab_sales.
endselect.
ENDform.
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
form CMP_ITAB_XXXXX.
ENDform.
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
form WRT_ITAB_RESULT.
*
ENDform.
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
form PAGE_HEADER.
ENDform.
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
form INI_DATA.
ENDform.
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*
*---------------------------------------------------------------*
form INI_SELECTION_SCREEN.
ENDform.
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
*& IncludeZ_X_XXXXXTOP
*&--------------------------------------------------------------*
REPORT
*-------------------声明系统字典对象----------------------------*
TABLES: t001.
*--------------------声明 Selection-screen变量-----------------*
SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK B1
SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP.
SELECT-OPTIONS: S_BUKRS
PARAMETERS:
SELECTION-SCREEN END
*--------------------声明全局变量-------------------------------*
*声明内表时，表名为 ITAB_XXXX，后缀尽可能为关联DBTab或内表用途
DATA:
RANGES: R_FIELD
说明：以上是模板程序的框架及说明，在R/3系统的开发环境中有该模板程序(Z_X_XXXXX)，建议编程序之前，先将该程序另存一新文件，再根据需要修改这新文件。
1,ObjectNavigator是ABAP工作平台上众中开发工具的中心入口,事务代码为:se80,其中还有几个经常会用到的T-CODE: SE38,SE24, SE37.
2,在ABAP Editor中有一个Excute with variant按钮,代表通过变量运行(变式与选择屏幕相关).
3,Editor Pretty Printer ON/OFF的设置: 菜单项:Utilites->settings有相关项,选中Indent,Convertupper/lowercase同Keyword Uppercase.
4,ABAP有三种类型的处理块:Event blocks, DialogModules,Procedures只有后一种可拥有自己的局部变量,而且程序语句是内部调用,前两者处理块之间实行外部调用.
5,应用程序类型,可执行的:以Report关键字引导,不能定义功能模块但可以调用.模块池的:以Program关键字引导,必须通过事务代码运行.
6,语句链 Write: text1, text2. 等同于: Write text1. Write text2.
7,在一个Program中,处于Form和Endform之间的是Subroutines.该程序由Program引导,不能直接运行,需被调用,不能包含自定义的用户屏幕.
8,数据内部定义: types type(len) Type type [decimal dec]
data data(len) Type type [decimal dec] [value var]
Decimal 附加项只适用于指定P类型的小数位.
9,两个结构体进行赋值操作,如果 Source与Destination的组件结构不完全相同,则用
Move-corresponding, eg: move-corresponding source-data todestination-data.
10.在ABAP数据表达式中,关键字前后必须有空格,eg: Fault: (a=b+c) true:: a = b + c.
11.在用户主记录里可以设置日期的显示分隔符,小数点字符和千位分隔符,在system->userprofile->owndata或T-code: su01.
12,内表是一种大批量数据管理形式,用于在程序运行期间存储多行结构相同的数据,程序对内表的行操作不能直接进行,必须通过一种接口来传输,这个接口就是工作区.
13,ABAP的两种动态数据对象: Field symbols 与 Data reference.
14,内表有三种形式: standard table , sorted table , hashedtable后一种不能进行索引查找,只能通过关键字搜索.
15,子程序的定义和调用分别用Form/Endform和perform来实现,如果想生成子程序的代码框架,则在prefomadd处双击即可.
1,package的命名规则: begin with A-S or U-X是SAP standard object, beginwith Y or Z are customer objects, begin with T are private testpackage, begin with $ are local package.
2.在数据字典中,每创建一个TABLE,都将生成一个同名的结构化数据类型,其中的组件字段与实际物理数据库表完全一致.
3,在select查询中如果要指定多个数据对象,则需要将这些对象放在括号内,并用逗号隔开,eg: select * fromspfli into (a, b).
4.FunctionModule是最为常用的复用组件,它是独立的R/3仓库对象,也是一种过程模块,在不同的系统间可以通过RFC(Remotefunction call)技术进行功能模块的调用.
5,几个有用的系统函数: sy-uname, sy-host, sy-datum, sy-uzedit, sy-subrc,sy-bdcnt,sy-index, sy-tabix,sy-dynnr.
6,可用于交互式报表的列表事件有: at line-selection, at user-command前者为选择某行时触发,后者由某个GUI触发.
7,在可执行程序中,只要在程序代码中使用parametes或select-options语句,则在程序运行后就会产生用户的选择屏幕.
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