状态模式

状态模式类图如下：

实现我们的状态类

public class NoQuarterState implements State{
    GumballMachine gumballMachine;

    public NoQuarterState(GumballMachine gumballMachine) {
        this.gumballMachine=gumballMachine;
    }

    public void insertQuarter() {
        System.out.println("You insert a quarter");
        gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getHasQuarterState());
    }

    public void ejectQuarter() {
        System.out.println("You haven't inserted a quarter");
    }

    public void turnCrank() {
        System.out.println("You turned,but there's no quarter");
    }

    public void dispense() {
        System.out.println("You need to pay first");
    }
}

完整的糖果机类

public class GumballMachine{
    State soldOutState;
    State noQuarterState;
    State hasQuarterState;
    state soldState;

    State state=soldOutState;
    int count=0;
    public GumballMachine(int numberGumballs) {
        soldOutState =new SoldOutState(this);
        noQuarterState=new NoQuarterState(this);
        hasQuarterState=new HasQuarterState(this);
        soldState=new SoldState(this);
        this.count=numberGumballs;
        if(numberGumballs>0) {
            state=noQuarterState;
        }
    }

    public void insertQuarter() {
        state.insertQuarter();
    }

    public void ejectQuarter() {
        state.ejectQuarter();
    }

    public void turnCrank() {
        state.turnCrank();
        state.dispense();
    }

    void setState(State state) {
        this.state=state;
    }

    void releaseBall() {
        System.out.println("A gumball comes rolling out the slot");
        if(count!=0) {
            count=count-1;
        }
    }
}

状态模式的使用

public class GumballMachineTestDrive{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        GumballMachine gumballMachine=new GumballMachine(5);

        System.out.println(gumballMachine);

        gumballMachine.insertQuarter();
        gumballMachine.turnCrank();

        System.out.println(gumballMachine);

        gumballMachine.insertQuarter();
        gumballMachine.turnCrank();
        gumballMachine.insertQuarter();
        gumballMachine.turnCrank();

        System.out.println(gumballMachine);
    }
}