}
}
复制代码
再次执行代码 DeSerializationTest
,我们会发现有报错,但是 UserClass 被反序列化出来了:
UserClass(id=1, age=-1)
Exception in thread “main” java.io.InvalidObjectException: id and age should be larger than 0
at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readRecord(ObjectInputStream.java:2348)
at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:2236)
at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1742)
at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:514)
at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:472)
at DeSerializationTest.main(DeSerializationTest.java:13)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: id and age should be larger than 0
at UserRecord.(UserRecord.java:6)
at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readRecord(ObjectInputStream.java:2346)
… 5 more
复制代码
兼容性测试
我们再来看如果删除一个字段会怎么样:
@Data
public class UserClass implements Serializable {
private final int age;
}
public record UserRecord(int age) implements Serializable {
}
复制代码
执行代码,读取 UserClass 的时候就会报错,这也是符合预期的,因为这在普通类对象的反序列化说明中就说这种是不兼容修改。将 UserClass 的字段恢复,重新执行代码,发现成功:
UserClass(id=1, age=-1)
UserRecord[age=-1]
复制代码
也就是说,Record 是默认兼容缺失字段的反序列化的
我们将字段恢复,再来看多一个字段会怎么样:
@Data
public class UserClass implements Serializable {
private final int id;
private final int sex;
private final int age;
}
public record UserRecord(int id, int sex, int age) implements Serializable {
}
复制代码
执行代码,读取 UserClass 的时候就会报错,这也是符合预期的。将 UserClass 的字段恢复,重新执行代码,发现成功:
UserClass(id=1, age=-1)
UserRecord[id=2, sex=0, age=-1]
复制代码
也就是说,Record 是默认兼容字段变多的反序列化的
最后测试一下 Record 的 field 类型如果变了呢:
public record UserRecord(int id, Integer age) implements Serializable {
}
复制代码
执行代码发现失败,因为类型不匹配了(就算是包装类也不行):
UserClass(id=1, age=-1)
Exception in thread “main” java.io.InvalidClassException: UserRecord; incompatible types for field age
at java.base/java.io.ObjectStreamClass.matchFields(ObjectStreamClass.java:2391)
at java.base/java.io.ObjectStreamClass.getReflector(ObjectStreamClass.java:2286)
at java.base/java.io.ObjectStreamClass.initNonProxy(ObjectStreamClass.java:788)
at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readNonProxyDesc(ObjectInputStream.java:2060)
at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readClassDesc(ObjectInputStream.java:1907)
at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:2209)
at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1742)
at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:514)
at java.base/java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:472)
at DeSerializationTest.main(DeSerializationTest.java:13)
复制代码
一些主流的序列化框架的兼容
=============
由于 Record 限制了序列化与反序列化的唯一方式,所以其实兼容起来很简单,比起 Java Class 改个结构,加个特性导致的序列化框架更改来说还要简单。
-
对应版本:kryo-5.1.0
-
对应版本:1.5.x,还未发布
这三个框架中实现对于 Record 的兼容思路都很类似,也比较简单,即:
-
实现一个针对 Record 的专用的 Serializer 以及Deserializer。
-
通过反射(Java Reflection)或者句柄(Java MethodHandle)验证当前版本的 Java 是否支持 Record,以及获取 Record 的规范构造函数(canonical constructor)以及各种 field 的 getter 进行反序列化和序列化。给大家两个工具类进行参考,分别是使用反射(Java Reflection)和句柄(Java MethodHandle)实现:
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import common.RecComponent;
/**
- Utility methods for record serialization, using Java Core Reflection.
*/
public class ReflectUtils {
private static final Method IS_RECORD;
private static final Method GET_RECORD_COMPONENTS;
private static final Method GET_NAME;
private static final Method GET_TYPE;
static {
Method isRecord;
Method getRecordComponents;
Method getName;
Method getType;
try {
// reflective machinery required to access the record components
// without a static dependency on Java SE 14 APIs
Class<?> c = Class.forName(“java.lang.reflect.RecordComponent”);
isRecord = Class.class.getDeclaredMethod(“isRecord”);
getRecordComponents = Class.class.getMethod(“getRecordComponents”);
getName = c.getMethod(“getName”);
getType = c.getMethod(“getType”);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
// pre-Java-14
isRecord = null;
getRecordComponents = null;
getName = null;
getType = null;
}
IS_RECORD = isRecord;
GET_RECORD_COMPONENTS = getRecordComponents;
GET_NAME = getName;
GET_TYPE = getType;
}
/** Returns true if, and only if, the given class is a record class. */
static boolean isRecord(Class<?> type) {
try {
return (boolean) IS_RECORD.invoke(type);
} catch (Throwable t) {
throw new RuntimeException(“Could not determine type (” + type + “)”);
}
}
/**
-
Returns an ordered array of the record components for the given record
-
class. The order is imposed by the given comparator. If the given
-
comparator is null, the order is that of the record components in the
-
record attribute of the class file.
*/
static RecComponent[] recordComponents(Class type,
Comparator comparator) {
try {
Object[] rawComponents = (Object[]) GET_RECORD_COMPONENTS.invoke(type);
RecComponent[] recordComponents = new RecComponent[rawComponents.length];
for (int i = 0; i < rawComponents.length; i++) {
final Object comp = rawComponents[i];
recordComponents[i] = new RecComponent(
(String) GET_NAME.invoke(comp),
(Class<?>) GET_TYPE.invoke(comp), i);
}
if (comparator != null) Arrays.sort(recordComponents, comparator);
return recordComponents;
} catch (Throwable t) {
throw new RuntimeException(“Could not retrieve record components (” + type.getName() + “)”);
}
}
/** Retrieves the value of the record component for the given record object. */
static Object componentValue(Object recordObject,
RecComponent recordComponent) {
try {
Method get = recordObject.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(recordComponent.name());
return get.invoke(recordObject);
} catch (Throwable t) {
throw new RuntimeException(“Could not retrieve record components (”
- recordObject.getClass().getName() + “)”);
}
}
/**
-
Invokes the canonical constructor of a record class with the
-
given argument values.
*/
static T invokeCanonicalConstructor(Class recordType,
RecComponent[] recordComponents,
Object[] args) {
try {
Class<?>[] paramTypes = Arrays.stream(recordComponents)
.map(RecComponent::type)
.toArray(Class<?>[]::new);
Constructor canonicalConstructor = recordType.getConstructor(paramTypes);
return canonicalConstructor.newInstance(args);
} catch (Throwable t) {
throw new RuntimeException(“Could not construct type (” + recordType.getName() + “)”);
}
}
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