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<p><span style="font-size:24px"><strong>快速排序</strong></span>是由东尼·霍尔所发展的一种排序算法。在平均状况下,排序 <em>n</em> 个项目要<strong>Ο</strong>(<em>n</em> log <em>n</em>)次比较。在最坏状况下则需要<strong>Ο</strong>(<em>n</em>2)次比较,但这种状况并不常见。事实上,快速排序通常明显比其他<strong>Ο</strong>(<em>n</em> log <em>n</em>) 算法更快,因为它的内部循环(inner loop)可以在大部分的架构上很有效率地被实现出来。</p>
<p>快速排序使用分治法(Divide and conquer)策略来把一个串行(list)分为两个子串行(sub-lists)。</p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:24px">算法步骤</span>:</strong></p>
<p>1 从数列中挑出一个元素,称为 “基准”(pivot),</p>
<p>2 重新排序数列,所有元素比基准值小的摆放在基准前面,所有元素比基准值大的摆在基准的后面(相同的数可以到任一边)。在这个分区退出之后,该基准就处于数列的中间位置。这个称为<strong>分区(partition)</strong>操作。</p>
<p>3 递归地(recursive)把小于基准值元素的子数列和大于基准值元素的子数列排序。</p>
<p>递归的最底部情形,是数列的大小是零或一,也就是永远都已经被排序好了。虽然一直递归下去,但是这个算法总会退出,因为在每次的迭代(iteration)中,它至少会把一个元素摆到它最后的位置去。</p>
<p align="center"><img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20140727162911371" alt=""></p>
<p align="left">java 实现:</p>
<p align="left"></p>
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_java"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><b>[java]</b> <a href="#" class="ViewSource" title="view plain" οnclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('ViewSource',this);return false;" target="_blank">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a href="#" class="CopyToClipboard" title="copy" οnclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('CopyToClipboard',this);return false;" target="_blank">copy</a><div style="position: absolute; left: 383px; top: 1009px; width: 18px; height: 18px; z-index: 99;"><embed id="ZeroClipboardMovie_1" src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/scripts/ZeroClipboard/ZeroClipboard.swf" loop="false" menu="false" quality="best" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="18" height="18" name="ZeroClipboardMovie_1" align="middle" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" flashvars="id=1&width=18&height=18" wmode="transparent"></div></span><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a href="#" class="PrintSource" title="print" οnclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('PrintSource',this);return false;" target="_blank">print</a></span><a href="#" class="About" title="?" οnclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('About',this);return false;" target="_blank">?</a></div></div><ol start="1" class="dp-j"><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">import</span><span> java.util.Random; </span></span></li><li class=""><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">public</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">class</span><span> QuickSort { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">public</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">int</span><span> partition(</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span>[] list, </span><span class="keyword">int</span><span> low, </span><span class="keyword">int</span><span> hig) { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span> isBase = </span><span class="number">0</span><span>; </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">if</span><span> (</span><span class="keyword">null</span><span> != list && list.length > </span><span class="number">0</span><span>) { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> isBase = list[low]; </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">while</span><span> (low < hig) { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="comment">// 从右向左找出比基准数小的数据</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">while</span><span> (low < hig && list[hig] >= isBase) { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> hig--; </span></li><li class="alt"><span> } </span></li><li class=""><span> list[low] = list[hig]; </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="comment">// 从左向右找出比基准数小的数据</span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="keyword">while</span><span> (low < hig && list[low] <= isBase) { </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> low++; </span></li><li class=""><span> } </span></li><li class="alt"><span> list[hig] = list[low]; </span></li><li class=""><span> } </span></li><li class="alt"><span> list[low] = isBase; </span></li><li class=""><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> } </span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> low; </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> } </span></li><li class=""><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">public</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">void</span><span> quickSort(</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span>[] list, </span><span class="keyword">int</span><span> low, </span><span class="keyword">int</span><span> high) { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="keyword">if</span><span> (low < high) { </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span> middle = partition(list, low, high); </span><span class="comment">// 将list分为2部分</span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> quickSort(list, low, middle - <span class="number">1</span><span>); </span><span class="comment">// 对左侧低位数据递归排序</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> quickSort(list, middle + <span class="number">1</span><span>, high); </span><span class="comment">// 对右侧高位数据递归排序</span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> } </span></li><li class="alt"><span> } </span></li><li class=""><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">public</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">static</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">void</span><span> main(String[] args) { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="comment">// int[] list = { 4, 31, 22, 1, 123, 67, 24, 11 };</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span>[] list = </span><span class="keyword">new</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">int</span><span>[</span><span class="number">20</span><span>]; </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="keyword">for</span><span> (</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span> i = </span><span class="number">0</span><span>; i < list.length; i++) { </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> Random r = <span class="keyword">new</span><span> Random(); </span></span></li><li class=""><span> list[i] = r.nextInt(<span class="number">100</span><span>); </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> } </span></li><li class=""><span> QuickSort qs = <span class="keyword">new</span><span> QuickSort(); </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> qs.printString(list);<span class="comment">//初始排序</span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> qs.quickSort(list, <span class="number">0</span><span>, list.length - </span><span class="number">1</span><span>); </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> qs.printString(list); </span></li><li class=""><span> } </span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="keyword">public</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">void</span><span> printString(</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span>[] list) { </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">for</span><span> (</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span> i = </span><span class="number">0</span><span>; i < list.length; i++) { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> System.out.print(list[i] + <span class="string">" "</span><span>); </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> } </span></li><li class=""><span> System.out.println(<span class="string">""</span><span>); </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> } </span></li><li class=""><span>} </span></li></ol></div><pre code_snippet_id="436445" snippet_file_name="blog_20140727_1_6291308" name="code" class="java" style="display: none;">import java.util.Random;
public class QuickSort {
public int partition(int[] list, int low, int hig) {
int isBase = 0;
if (null != list && list.length > 0) {
isBase = list[low];
while (low < hig) {
// 从右向左找出比基准数小的数据
while (low < hig && list[hig] >= isBase) {
hig--;
}
list[low] = list[hig];
// 从左向右找出比基准数小的数据
while (low < hig && list[low] <= isBase) {
low++;
}
list[hig] = list[low];
}
list[low] = isBase;
}
return low;
}
public void quickSort(int[] list, int low, int high) {
if (low < high) {
int middle = partition(list, low, high); // 将list分为2部分
quickSort(list, low, middle - 1); // 对左侧低位数据递归排序
quickSort(list, middle + 1, high); // 对右侧高位数据递归排序
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// int[] list = { 4, 31, 22, 1, 123, 67, 24, 11 };
int[] list = new int[20];
for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
Random r = new Random();
list[i] = r.nextInt(100);
}
QuickSort qs = new QuickSort();
qs.printString(list);//初始排序
qs.quickSort(list, 0, list.length - 1);
qs.printString(list);
}
public void printString(int[] list) {
for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
System.out.print(list[i] + " ");
}
System.out.println("");
}
}
</pre><br>
<br>
<p></p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>本文部分内容摘自 :<a target="_blank" href="http://cricode.com/2001.html">http://cricode.com/2001.html</a></p>
<p>详情:<a target="_blank" href="http://cricode.com/970.html">http://cricode.com/970.html</a><br>
</p>
</div>
<p><span style="font-size:24px"><strong>快速排序</strong></span>是由东尼·霍尔所发展的一种排序算法。在平均状况下,排序 <em>n</em> 个项目要<strong>Ο</strong>(<em>n</em> log <em>n</em>)次比较。在最坏状况下则需要<strong>Ο</strong>(<em>n</em>2)次比较,但这种状况并不常见。事实上,快速排序通常明显比其他<strong>Ο</strong>(<em>n</em> log <em>n</em>) 算法更快,因为它的内部循环(inner loop)可以在大部分的架构上很有效率地被实现出来。</p>
<p>快速排序使用分治法(Divide and conquer)策略来把一个串行(list)分为两个子串行(sub-lists)。</p>
<p><strong><span style="font-size:24px">算法步骤</span>:</strong></p>
<p>1 从数列中挑出一个元素,称为 “基准”(pivot),</p>
<p>2 重新排序数列,所有元素比基准值小的摆放在基准前面,所有元素比基准值大的摆在基准的后面(相同的数可以到任一边)。在这个分区退出之后,该基准就处于数列的中间位置。这个称为<strong>分区(partition)</strong>操作。</p>
<p>3 递归地(recursive)把小于基准值元素的子数列和大于基准值元素的子数列排序。</p>
<p>递归的最底部情形,是数列的大小是零或一,也就是永远都已经被排序好了。虽然一直递归下去,但是这个算法总会退出,因为在每次的迭代(iteration)中,它至少会把一个元素摆到它最后的位置去。</p>
<p align="center"><img src="https://img-blog.csdn.net/20140727162911371" alt=""></p>
<p align="left">java 实现:</p>
<p align="left"></p>
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_java"><div class="bar"><div class="tools"><b>[java]</b> <a href="#" class="ViewSource" title="view plain" οnclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('ViewSource',this);return false;" target="_blank">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a href="#" class="CopyToClipboard" title="copy" οnclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('CopyToClipboard',this);return false;" target="_blank">copy</a><div style="position: absolute; left: 383px; top: 1009px; width: 18px; height: 18px; z-index: 99;"><embed id="ZeroClipboardMovie_1" src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/scripts/ZeroClipboard/ZeroClipboard.swf" loop="false" menu="false" quality="best" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="18" height="18" name="ZeroClipboardMovie_1" align="middle" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" flashvars="id=1&width=18&height=18" wmode="transparent"></div></span><span data-mod="popu_169"> <a href="#" class="PrintSource" title="print" οnclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('PrintSource',this);return false;" target="_blank">print</a></span><a href="#" class="About" title="?" οnclick="dp.sh.Toolbar.Command('About',this);return false;" target="_blank">?</a></div></div><ol start="1" class="dp-j"><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">import</span><span> java.util.Random; </span></span></li><li class=""><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span><span class="keyword">public</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">class</span><span> QuickSort { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">public</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">int</span><span> partition(</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span>[] list, </span><span class="keyword">int</span><span> low, </span><span class="keyword">int</span><span> hig) { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span> isBase = </span><span class="number">0</span><span>; </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">if</span><span> (</span><span class="keyword">null</span><span> != list && list.length > </span><span class="number">0</span><span>) { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> isBase = list[low]; </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">while</span><span> (low < hig) { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="comment">// 从右向左找出比基准数小的数据</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">while</span><span> (low < hig && list[hig] >= isBase) { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> hig--; </span></li><li class="alt"><span> } </span></li><li class=""><span> list[low] = list[hig]; </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="comment">// 从左向右找出比基准数小的数据</span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="keyword">while</span><span> (low < hig && list[low] <= isBase) { </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> low++; </span></li><li class=""><span> } </span></li><li class="alt"><span> list[hig] = list[low]; </span></li><li class=""><span> } </span></li><li class="alt"><span> list[low] = isBase; </span></li><li class=""><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> } </span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="keyword">return</span><span> low; </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> } </span></li><li class=""><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">public</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">void</span><span> quickSort(</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span>[] list, </span><span class="keyword">int</span><span> low, </span><span class="keyword">int</span><span> high) { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="keyword">if</span><span> (low < high) { </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span> middle = partition(list, low, high); </span><span class="comment">// 将list分为2部分</span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> quickSort(list, low, middle - <span class="number">1</span><span>); </span><span class="comment">// 对左侧低位数据递归排序</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> quickSort(list, middle + <span class="number">1</span><span>, high); </span><span class="comment">// 对右侧高位数据递归排序</span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> } </span></li><li class="alt"><span> } </span></li><li class=""><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">public</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">static</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">void</span><span> main(String[] args) { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="comment">// int[] list = { 4, 31, 22, 1, 123, 67, 24, 11 };</span><span> </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span>[] list = </span><span class="keyword">new</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">int</span><span>[</span><span class="number">20</span><span>]; </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="keyword">for</span><span> (</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span> i = </span><span class="number">0</span><span>; i < list.length; i++) { </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> Random r = <span class="keyword">new</span><span> Random(); </span></span></li><li class=""><span> list[i] = r.nextInt(<span class="number">100</span><span>); </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> } </span></li><li class=""><span> QuickSort qs = <span class="keyword">new</span><span> QuickSort(); </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> qs.printString(list);<span class="comment">//初始排序</span><span> </span></span></li><li class=""><span> qs.quickSort(list, <span class="number">0</span><span>, list.length - </span><span class="number">1</span><span>); </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> qs.printString(list); </span></li><li class=""><span> } </span></li><li class="alt"><span> </span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="keyword">public</span><span> </span><span class="keyword">void</span><span> printString(</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span>[] list) { </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> <span class="keyword">for</span><span> (</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span> i = </span><span class="number">0</span><span>; i < list.length; i++) { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> System.out.print(list[i] + <span class="string">" "</span><span>); </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> } </span></li><li class=""><span> System.out.println(<span class="string">""</span><span>); </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span> } </span></li><li class=""><span>} </span></li></ol></div><pre code_snippet_id="436445" snippet_file_name="blog_20140727_1_6291308" name="code" class="java" style="display: none;">import java.util.Random;
public class QuickSort {
public int partition(int[] list, int low, int hig) {
int isBase = 0;
if (null != list && list.length > 0) {
isBase = list[low];
while (low < hig) {
// 从右向左找出比基准数小的数据
while (low < hig && list[hig] >= isBase) {
hig--;
}
list[low] = list[hig];
// 从左向右找出比基准数小的数据
while (low < hig && list[low] <= isBase) {
low++;
}
list[hig] = list[low];
}
list[low] = isBase;
}
return low;
}
public void quickSort(int[] list, int low, int high) {
if (low < high) {
int middle = partition(list, low, high); // 将list分为2部分
quickSort(list, low, middle - 1); // 对左侧低位数据递归排序
quickSort(list, middle + 1, high); // 对右侧高位数据递归排序
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// int[] list = { 4, 31, 22, 1, 123, 67, 24, 11 };
int[] list = new int[20];
for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
Random r = new Random();
list[i] = r.nextInt(100);
}
QuickSort qs = new QuickSort();
qs.printString(list);//初始排序
qs.quickSort(list, 0, list.length - 1);
qs.printString(list);
}
public void printString(int[] list) {
for (int i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {
System.out.print(list[i] + " ");
}
System.out.println("");
}
}
</pre><br>
<br>
<p></p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>本文部分内容摘自 :<a target="_blank" href="http://cricode.com/2001.html">http://cricode.com/2001.html</a></p>
<p>详情:<a target="_blank" href="http://cricode.com/970.html">http://cricode.com/970.html</a><br>
</p>
</div>