c++ 快速入门

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main() 
{

        double price = 109.99 , discount = 0.16;
    	std::cout <<  price << " " << discount << std::endl;     

	int ival1(1024);
        int ival2 = 1024;
        std::cout << ival1 << " " << ival2 << std::endl;

        std::string titleA = "liaojianguo";
        std::string titleB(" 大笨蛋 ");
    	std::cout << titleA << " " << titleB << std::endl;

   
}

输出：

pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ ./main
109.99 0.16
1024 1024
liaojianguo  大笨蛋 

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
	std::cout << "Enter two numbers:"  << std::endl;
        int v1,v2;
        std::cin >> v1 >> v2;
        std::cout << "The sum of " << v1 << " and " << v2 << " is " << v1 + v2 << std::endl;
        return 0;
}

输出：

pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ g++ -o main main.cc
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ ls
main  main.cc
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ ./main
Enter two numbers:
1
2
The sum of 1 and 2 is 3
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ 

pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ ./main
Enter two numbers:
4 6
The sum of 4 and 6 is 10
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ 

endl 说明：操作符，将它写入输出流时，具有输出换行的效果，并刷新与设备相关联的缓冲区，通过刷新缓冲区，用户可立即看到写入到流中的输出

其他说明：c++ 也有前++和后++，相应的for循环等基础语法是一样的

#include <iostream>
int main()
{
        int sum = 0, value;
	while(std::cin >> value)
	    sum += value;
        std::cout << "Sum is " << sum << std::endl;
        return 0;
}

停止动作：两次ctr+d

输出：

pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ ./main
1 2 3 Sum is 6
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ 

1. #include <iostream>  
2. #include "Sales_item.h"  

标准库有的用<>,标准库没有的用“”

#include <iostream>
#include "Sales_item.h"
int main() 
{
    Sales_item item1, item2;

    std::cin >> item1 >> item2;   
    std::cout << item1 + item2 << std::endl; 

    return 0;
}

输出：

pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ g++ -o main main.cc
pateo@pateo-B86N53X:~/work/study$ ./main
0-201-78345-x 3 20.00
0-201-78345-x 2 25.00
0-201-78345-x	5	110	22

相应的Sales_item.h文件内容如下：

#ifndef SALESITEM_H
#define SALESITEM_H

// Definition of Sales_item class and related functions goes here


#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class Sales_item {
friend bool operator==(const Sales_item&, const Sales_item&);
// other members as before
public:
    // added constructors to initialize from a string or an istream
    Sales_item(const std::string &book):
              isbn(book), units_sold(0), revenue(0.0) { }
    Sales_item(std::istream &is) { is >> *this; }
    friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream&, Sales_item&);
    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const Sales_item&);
public:
    // operations on Sales_item objects
    // member binary operator: left-hand operand bound to implicit this pointer
    Sales_item& operator+=(const Sales_item&);
    // other members as before
    
public:
    // operations on Sales_item objects
    double avg_price() const;
    bool same_isbn(const Sales_item &rhs) const
        { return isbn == rhs.isbn; }
    // default constructor needed to initialize members of built-in type
    Sales_item(): units_sold(0), revenue(0.0) { }
// private members as before
private:
    std::string isbn;
    unsigned units_sold;
    double revenue;

};


// nonmember binary operator: must declare a parameter for each operand
Sales_item operator+(const Sales_item&, const Sales_item&);

inline bool 
operator==(const Sales_item &lhs, const Sales_item &rhs)
{
    // must be made a friend of Sales_item
    return lhs.units_sold == rhs.units_sold &&
           lhs.revenue == rhs.revenue &&
	   lhs.same_isbn(rhs);
}

inline bool 
operator!=(const Sales_item &lhs, const Sales_item &rhs)
{
    return !(lhs == rhs); // != defined in terms of operator==
}

using std::istream; using std::ostream;

// assumes that both objects refer to the same isbn
inline
Sales_item& Sales_item::operator+=(const Sales_item& rhs) 
{
    units_sold += rhs.units_sold; 
    revenue += rhs.revenue; 
    return *this;
}

// assumes that both objects refer to the same isbn
inline
Sales_item 
operator+(const Sales_item& lhs, const Sales_item& rhs) 
{
    Sales_item ret(lhs);  // copy lhs into a local object that we'll return
    ret += rhs;           // add in the contents of rhs 
    return ret;           // return ret by value
}

inline
istream& 
operator>>(istream& in, Sales_item& s)
{
    double price;
    in >> s.isbn >> s.units_sold >> price;
    // check that the inputs succeeded
    if (in)
        s.revenue = s.units_sold * price;
    else 
        s = Sales_item();  // input failed: reset object to default state
    return in;
}

inline
ostream& 
operator<<(ostream& out, const Sales_item& s)
{
    out << s.isbn << "\t" << s.units_sold << "\t" 
        << s.revenue << "\t" <<  s.avg_price();
    return out;
}

inline
double Sales_item::avg_price() const
{
    if (units_sold) 
        return revenue/units_sold; 
    else 
        return 0;
}


#endif