源码看JAVA【四十】ArrayDeque

ArrayDeque继承了AbstractCollection的基本集合实现，同时实现了Deque的接口

1、变量定义

保存在数组对象中，定义了头部位置和尾部位置，最小的数据大小为8

    /**
     * The array in which the elements of the deque are stored.
     * The capacity of the deque is the length of this array, which is
     * always a power of two. The array is never allowed to become
     * full, except transiently within an addX method where it is
     * resized (see doubleCapacity) immediately upon becoming full,
     * thus avoiding head and tail wrapping around to equal each
     * other.  We also guarantee that all array cells not holding
     * deque elements are always null.
     */
    transient Object[] elements; // non-private to simplify nested class access

    /**
     * The index of the element at the head of the deque (which is the
     * element that would be removed by remove() or pop()); or an
     * arbitrary number equal to tail if the deque is empty.
     */
    transient int head;

    /**
     * The index at which the next element would be added to the tail
     * of the deque (via addLast(E), add(E), or push(E)).
     */
    transient int tail;

    /**
     * The minimum capacity that we'll use for a newly created deque.
     * Must be a power of 2.
     */
    private static final int MIN_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 8;

2、allocateElements：根据元素大小分配空间，使用位移来获取与所需空间最接近的2的n次方的大小。

    /**
     * Allocates empty array to hold the given number of elements.
     *
     * @param numElements  the number of elements to hold
     */
    private void allocateElements(int numElements) {
        int initialCapacity = MIN_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
        // Find the best power of two to hold elements.
        // Tests "<=" because arrays aren't kept full.
        if (numElements >= initialCapacity) {
            initialCapacity = numElements;
            initialCapacity |= (initialCapacity >>>  1);
            initialCapacity |= (initialCapacity >>>  2);
            initialCapacity |= (initialCapacity >>>  4);
            initialCapacity |= (initialCapacity >>>  8);
            initialCapacity |= (initialCapacity >>> 16);
            initialCapacity++;

            if (initialCapacity < 0)   // Too many elements, must back off
                initialCapacity >>>= 1;// Good luck allocating 2 ^ 30 elements
        }
        elements = new Object[initialCapacity];
    }

3、doubleCapacity：扩容，每次扩容为原先容量的一倍

/**
     * Doubles the capacity of this deque.  Call only when full, i.e.,
     * when head and tail have wrapped around to become equal.
     */
    private void doubleCapacity() {
        assert head == tail;
        int p = head;
        int n = elements.length;
        int r = n - p; // number of elements to the right of p
        int newCapacity = n << 1;
        if (newCapacity < 0)
            throw new IllegalStateException("Sorry, deque too big");
        Object[] a = new Object[newCapacity];
        System.arraycopy(elements, p, a, 0, r);
        System.arraycopy(elements, 0, a, r, p);
        elements = a;
        head = 0;
        tail = n;
    }

4、copyElements：将队列中的元素复制，并返回对应的数组

/**
     * Copies the elements from our element array into the specified array,
     * in order (from first to last element in the deque).  It is assumed
     * that the array is large enough to hold all elements in the deque.
     *
     * @return its argument
     */
    private <T> T[] copyElements(T[] a) {
        if (head < tail) {
            System.arraycopy(elements, head, a, 0, size());
        } else if (head > tail) {
            int headPortionLen = elements.length - head;
            System.arraycopy(elements, head, a, 0, headPortionLen);
            System.arraycopy(elements, 0, a, headPortionLen, tail);
        }
        return a;
    }

5、默认构造：大小为16；指定大小，根据指定的大小，分配相近的2的n次方的空间大小

/**
     * Constructs an empty array deque with an initial capacity
     * sufficient to hold 16 elements.
     */
    public ArrayDeque() {
        elements = new Object[16];
    }

    /**
     * Constructs an empty array deque with an initial capacity
     * sufficient to hold the specified number of elements.
     *
     * @param numElements  lower bound on initial capacity of the deque
     */
    public ArrayDeque(int numElements) {
        allocateElements(numElements);
    }

6、初始化元素构造

先分配空间

再将元素添加进队列中

/**
     * Constructs a deque containing the elements of the specified
     * collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's
     * iterator.  (The first element returned by the collection's
     * iterator becomes the first element, or <i>front</i> of the
     * deque.)
     *
     * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed into the deque
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
     */
    public ArrayDeque(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        allocateElements(c.size());
        addAll(c);
    }

7、addFirst：head初始为0，添加到第一个元素时，下标指向数组的最后一个。如果第一个下标和最后一个下标相同了说明数组已经满了，进行扩容。元素不支持添加null元素，因为判断是否存在元素是通过null进行判断的。

/**
     * Inserts the specified element at the front of this deque.
     *
     * @param e the element to add
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
     */
    public void addFirst(E e) {
        if (e == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        elements[head = (head - 1) & (elements.length - 1)] = e;
        if (head == tail)
            doubleCapacity();
    }

8、addLast：队列从后插入，如果队列满了，则双倍扩容

/**
     * Inserts the specified element at the end of this deque.
     *
     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #add}.
     *
     * @param e the element to add
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
     */
    public void addLast(E e) {
        if (e == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        elements[tail] = e;
        if ( (tail = (tail + 1) & (elements.length - 1)) == head)
            doubleCapacity();
    }

9、offerFirst：实际使用addFirst放到，如果添加成功，添加了返回值true

/**
     * Inserts the specified element at the front of this deque.
     *
     * @param e the element to add
     * @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Deque#offerFirst})
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
     */
    public boolean offerFirst(E e) {
        addFirst(e);
        return true;
    }

10、offerLast：实际使用addLast放到，如果添加成功，添加了返回值true

/**
     * Inserts the specified element at the end of this deque.
     *
     * @param e the element to add
     * @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Deque#offerLast})
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
     */
    public boolean offerLast(E e) {
        addLast(e);
        return true;
    }

11、pollFirst：返回第一个元素，并删除第一个元素。

    public E pollFirst() {
        int h = head;
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        E result = (E) elements[h];
        // Element is null if deque empty
        if (result == null)
            return null;
        elements[h] = null;     // Must null out slot
        head = (h + 1) & (elements.length - 1);
        return result;
    }

12、pollLast：返回最后一个元素，并删除最后一个元素。如果元素为空则返回null

public E pollLast() {
        int t = (tail - 1) & (elements.length - 1);
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        E result = (E) elements[t];
        if (result == null)
            return null;
        elements[t] = null;
        tail = t;
        return result;
    }

13、removeFirst，removeLast分配对pollFirst与pollLast进行封装，区别是如果元素不存在则抛出NoSuchElementException异常。

/**
     * @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E removeFirst() {
        E x = pollFirst();
        if (x == null)
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        return x;
    }

    /**
     * @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E removeLast() {
        E x = pollLast();
        if (x == null)
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        return x;
    }

14、getFirst、getLast：获取第一个/最后一个元素，如果元素不存在则抛出异常

/**
     * @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E getFirst() {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        E result = (E) elements[head];
        if (result == null)
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E getLast() {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        E result = (E) elements[(tail - 1) & (elements.length - 1)];
        if (result == null)
            throw new NoSuchElementException();
        return result;
    }

15、peekFirst/peekLast：返回第一个元素/最后一个元素，不存在返回null

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public E peekFirst() {
        // elements[head] is null if deque empty
        return (E) elements[head];
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public E peekLast() {
        return (E) elements[(tail - 1) & (elements.length - 1)];
    }

16、removeFirstOccurrence/removeLastOccurrence：从头开始/从尾开始，删除第一次出现的元素，删除成功则返回true，如果待删除元素为null，则直接返回false。

/**
     * Removes the first occurrence of the specified element in this
     * deque (when traversing the deque from head to tail).
     * If the deque does not contain the element, it is unchanged.
     * More formally, removes the first element {@code e} such that
     * {@code o.equals(e)} (if such an element exists).
     * Returns {@code true} if this deque contained the specified element
     * (or equivalently, if this deque changed as a result of the call).
     *
     * @param o element to be removed from this deque, if present
     * @return {@code true} if the deque contained the specified element
     */
    public boolean removeFirstOccurrence(Object o) {
        if (o == null)
            return false;
        int mask = elements.length - 1;
        int i = head;
        Object x;
        while ( (x = elements[i]) != null) {
            if (o.equals(x)) {
                delete(i);
                return true;
            }
            i = (i + 1) & mask;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Removes the last occurrence of the specified element in this
     * deque (when traversing the deque from head to tail).
     * If the deque does not contain the element, it is unchanged.
     * More formally, removes the last element {@code e} such that
     * {@code o.equals(e)} (if such an element exists).
     * Returns {@code true} if this deque contained the specified element
     * (or equivalently, if this deque changed as a result of the call).
     *
     * @param o element to be removed from this deque, if present
     * @return {@code true} if the deque contained the specified element
     */
    public boolean removeLastOccurrence(Object o) {
        if (o == null)
            return false;
        int mask = elements.length - 1;
        int i = (tail - 1) & mask;
        Object x;
        while ( (x = elements[i]) != null) {
            if (o.equals(x)) {
                delete(i);
                return true;
            }
            i = (i - 1) & mask;
        }
        return false;
    }

17、push/pop：后进先出，堆栈的实现方式

/**
     * Pushes an element onto the stack represented by this deque.  In other
     * words, inserts the element at the front of this deque.
     *
     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #addFirst}.
     *
     * @param e the element to push
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null
     */
    public void push(E e) {
        addFirst(e);
    }

    /**
     * Pops an element from the stack represented by this deque.  In other
     * words, removes and returns the first element of this deque.
     *
     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #removeFirst()}.
     *
     * @return the element at the front of this deque (which is the top
     *         of the stack represented by this deque)
     * @throws NoSuchElementException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E pop() {
        return removeFirst();
    }

18、size：计算头部与尾部的差值来获取队列的长度

/**
     * Returns the number of elements in this deque.
     *
     * @return the number of elements in this deque
     */
    public int size() {
        return (tail - head) & (elements.length - 1);
    }

19、contains：遍历数组，查看是否存在

/**
     * Returns {@code true} if this deque contains the specified element.
     * More formally, returns {@code true} if and only if this deque contains
     * at least one element {@code e} such that {@code o.equals(e)}.
     *
     * @param o object to be checked for containment in this deque
     * @return {@code true} if this deque contains the specified element
     */
    public boolean contains(Object o) {
        if (o == null)
            return false;
        int mask = elements.length - 1;
        int i = head;
        Object x;
        while ( (x = elements[i]) != null) {
            if (o.equals(x))
                return true;
            i = (i + 1) & mask;
        }
        return false;
    }

20、remove：删除第一个出现的元素

/**
     * Removes a single instance of the specified element from this deque.
     * If the deque does not contain the element, it is unchanged.
     * More formally, removes the first element {@code e} such that
     * {@code o.equals(e)} (if such an element exists).
     * Returns {@code true} if this deque contained the specified element
     * (or equivalently, if this deque changed as a result of the call).
     *
     * <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #removeFirstOccurrence(Object)}.
     *
     * @param o element to be removed from this deque, if present
     * @return {@code true} if this deque contained the specified element
     */
    public boolean remove(Object o) {
        return removeFirstOccurrence(o);
    }

21、clone：提供了队列复制克隆的方法

/**
     * Returns a copy of this deque.
     *
     * @return a copy of this deque
     */
    public ArrayDeque<E> clone() {
        try {
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            ArrayDeque<E> result = (ArrayDeque<E>) super.clone();
            result.elements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, elements.length);
            return result;
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            throw new AssertionError();
        }
    }