303. Range Sum Query - Immutable

303. Range Sum Query - Immutable
Difficulty: Easy

Given an integer array nums, find the sum of the elements between indices i and j (i ≤ j), inclusive.
Example: Given nums = [-2, 0, 3, -5, 2, -1]
sumRange(0, 2) -> 1
sumRange(2, 5) -> -1
sumRange(0, 5) -> -3
Note:
You may assume that the array does not change.
There are many calls to sumRange function.

给定一个整数序列，求指定子序列和。
提示：数组不会发生变化；大量sumRange函数调用。

题目本身非常简单，只需要遍历 i 到 j ，累计得到和即可。但是，这样是TLE(time limit exceeded)的，所给提示也就没有意义了。

所以，题目考察的是效能，换一个方向思考，我们可以存储前i个元素的和;
那么[i,j]子序列和 =sum[j]−sum[i−1]；
注意，i==0时，直接返回sum[j]即可。

struct NumArray {
    int* a;
    int* sum;
    int len;
};

/** Initialize your data structure here. */
struct NumArray* NumArrayCreate(int* nums, int numsSize) {
    int i,temp;
    struct NumArray* numarray;
    numarray=(struct NumArray*)malloc(sizeof(struct NumArray));
    numarray->a=nums;
    numarray->len=numsSize;
    numarray->sum=(int*)malloc(numarray->len*sizeof(int));

    temp=0;
    for(i=0;i<numsSize;i++)    //记录前i个值之和
    {
        temp+=numarray->a[i];
        numarray->sum[i]=temp;
    }
    return numarray;
}

int sumRange(struct NumArray* numArray, int i, int j) {     

    if(i==0)     //若i=0直接为前j个值之和
        return numArray->sum[j];
    else         //若i>0则前j个值之和减去前i-1个值之和即为i到j的值之和
        return numArray->sum[j]-numArray->sum[i-1];

}

/** Deallocates memory previously allocated for the data structure. */
void NumArrayFree(struct NumArray* numArray) {
    free(numArray->sum);
    free(numArray);
}

// Your NumArray object will be instantiated and called as such:
// struct NumArray* numArray = NumArrayCreate(nums, numsSize);
// sumRange(numArray, 0, 1);
// sumRange(numArray, 1, 2);
//  (numArray);

要点：
1，结构体指针需要初始化，

struct NumArray* numarray=(struct NumArray*)malloc  (sizeof(struct NumArray));

2，结构体指针的成员指针同样需要初始化，

numarray->sum=(int*)malloc(numarray->len*sizeof(int));