虚析构8种运行情况

 

为什么析构函数要用虚析构：防止子类析构不被调用；防止在调用析构函数时崩溃。

例子如下：

#include <iostream> using namespace std;   class A { public:       A()       {              cout << "A() ..." << endl;       }       virtual ~A()       {              cout << "~A() ..." << endl;       } };   class B { public:       B()       {              cout << "B() ..." << endl;       }       virtual ~B()       {              cout << "~B() ..." << endl;       } };     class C: public A, public B { public:       C()       {              cout << "C() ..." << endl;       }       ~C()       {              cout << "~C() ..." << endl;       } };       void main() { //    B* p = new C; //    delete p;   /* A() ... B() ... C() ... ~B() ... 崩溃 */         // virtual ~A() //    B* p = new C; //    delete p;       /* A() ... B() ... C() ... ~B() ... 崩溃     */                // virtual ~B() //    B* p = new C; //    delete p;   /* A() ... B() ... C() ... ~C() ... ~B() ... ~A() ... */                // virtual ~A, ~B              B* p = new C;              delete p; /* A() ... B() ... C() ... ~C() ... ~B() ... ~A() ...  */           return; }

 

#include <iostream> using namespace std;   class A { public:        A()        {               cout << "A() ..." << endl;        }        virtual ~A()        {               cout << "~A() ..." << endl;        } };   class B { public:        B()        {               cout << "B() ..." << endl;        }        virtual ~B()        {               cout << "~B() ..." << endl;        } };     class C: public A, public B { public:        C()        {               cout << "C() ..." << endl;        }        ~C()        {               cout << "~C() ..." << endl;        } };       void main() { //     A* p = new C; //     delete p;   /* A() ... B() ... C() ... ~A() ... */          // virtual ~A() //     A* p = new C; //     delete p;      /* A() ... B() ... C() ... ~C() ... ~B() ... ~A() ...   */                   // virtual ~B() //     A* p = new C; //     delete p; /* A() ... B() ... C() ... ~A() ... 崩溃      */               // virtual ~A, ~B               A* p = new C;               delete p; /* A() ... B() ... C() ... ~C() ... ~B() ... ~A() ...   */        return; }

总结：注意在定义基类时，必须将析构函数定义为虚析构，防止程序崩溃或子类对象析构不被调用的情况发生。