GSON方式生成和解析json数据

客户端与服务器进行数据交互时，常常需要将数据在服务器端将数据转化成字符串并在客户端对json数据进行解析生成对象。但是用jsonObject和jsonArray解析相对麻烦。利用Gson和阿里的fastjson可以很方便的将下面四种常用的数据转换成json字符串，并能够将其解析成原数据对象。

类型一：JavaBean

类型二：List<JavaBean>

类型三:List<String>

类型四:List<Map<String,Object>>

一.Gson将上面的四种数据对象转换成json字符串的方法都是一样的

Gson gson = new Gson();

String jsonString = gson.toJson(obj);

二.Gson将json字符串转化成JavaBean对象

1.类型一：JavaBean

Person person = new Person("香港","刘德华",1001);

Gson gson = new Gson();

//这里将javabean转化成json字符串

String jsonString = gson.toJson(person);

System.out.println(jsonString);

//这里将json字符串转化成javabean对象,

person = gson.fromJson(jsonString,Person.class);

2.类型二：List<JavaBean>

将json字符串转化成List<JavaBean>对象

Person person1 = new Person("香港","刘德华",1001);

Person person2 = new Person("韩国","宋慧乔",1002);

List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>();

persons.add(person1);

persons.add(person2);

Gson gson = new Gson();

//这里将lsit<javabean>转化成json字符串

String jsonString = gson.toJson(persons);

//解析json字符串

List<Person> persons2 = gson.fromJson(jsonString, new TypeToken<List<Person>>(){}.getType()) ;

3.类型三:List<String>

将json字符串转化成List<String>对象

List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();

list.add("gson1");

list.add("gson2");

list.add("gson3");

Gson gson = new Gson();

String jsonString = gson.toJson(list);

System.out.println("json字符串:"+jsonString);

//解析json字符串

List<String> list2 = gson.fromJson(jsonString, new TypeToken<List<String>>(){}.getType());

4.类型四:List<Map<String,Object>>

将json字符串转化成List<Map<String,Object>>对象

Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>();

map.put("key1", "value1");

map.put("key2", "value2");

Map<String,Object> map2 = new HashMap<String,Object>();

map2.put("key1", 1);

map2.put("key2", 2);

List<Map<String,Object>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();

list.add(map);

list.add(map2);

Gson gson =  new Gson();

String jsonString = gson.toJson(list);

System.out.println("json字符串:"+jsonString);

//解析json字符串

List<Map<String,Object>> list2 = gson.fromJson(jsonString, new TypeToken<List<Map<String,Object>>>(){}.getType());

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本程序服务器端通过Gson生成json字符串数据，客户端用Gson将从服务器端接收的json字符串分别转换为<Person>,List<Person>,List<String>,List<Map<String,Object>>4种类型，程序思路和过程跟前篇  android Intent传递 object , list<object>,list<Map<String,Object>>   相同，唯一区别就是：生成json用Gson方式，解析json用Gson方式。

程序结果截图：

1.点击“解析Person数据”按钮

3.点击“解析Persons”数据按钮

4.点击“解析listString数据”按钮

5.点击“解析listMap数据”按钮

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客户端eclipse android工程目录（左边）服务器端myeclipse web工程目录（右边）

     

服务器端

1.Person.java

package com.gson.data;

public class Person {
  private int id;
  private String name;
  private String address;
  
  public Person() {
    // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
  }

  public int getId() {
    return id;
  }

  public void setId(int id) {
    this.id = id;
  }

  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }

  public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }

  public String getAddress() {
    return address;
  }

  public void setAddress(String address) {
    this.address = address;
  }

  public Person(int id, String name, String address) {
    super();
    this.id = id;
    this.name = name;
    this.address = address;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "Person [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", address=" + address
        + "]";
  }
  

}

2.GsonService.java

package com.gson.service;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import com.gson.data.Person;

public class GsonService {

  public static Person getPerson() {

    Person person = new Person(1001, "刘德华", "香港");
    return person;

  }

  public static List<Person> getListPersons() {
    List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>();
    Person person1 = new Person(1001, "刘德华", "香港");
    Person person2 = new Person(1002, "宋慧乔", "韩国");
    persons.add(person1);
    persons.add(person2);
    return persons;

  }
  
  public static List<String> getListString(){
    
    List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
    list.add("美国");
    list.add("中国");
    list.add("俄罗斯");	
    
    return list;
  } 

  
  public static List<java.util.Map<String, Object>> getListMap(){
    List<java.util.Map<String, Object>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();
    java.util.Map<String,Object> map1 = new HashMap<String,Object>();
    map1.put("id",1001);
    map1.put("name","刘德华");
    map1.put("address","香港");
    
    java.util.Map<String,Object> map2 = new HashMap<String,Object>();
    map2.put("id",1002);
    map2.put("name","宋慧乔");
    map2.put("address","韩国");
    
    list.add(map1);
    list.add(map2);
    
    return list;
    
  }
}

3.GsonTools.java

package com.gson.tools;

import com.google.gson.Gson;

public class GsonTools {

  public static String creatJsonString(Object object) {

    Gson gson = new Gson();
    String jsonString = gson.toJson(object); // 用Gson方式 把object 保存为 json字符串
    return jsonString;
  }
}

4.GsonAction.java

package com.gson.action;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import com.gson.service.GsonService;
import com.gson.tools.GsonTools;

public class GsonAction extends HttpServlet {

  

  /**
   * Destruction of the servlet. <br>
   */
  public void destroy() {
    super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log
    // Put your code here
  }

  /**
   * The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
   *
   * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
   * 
   * @param request the request send by the client to the server
   * @param response the response send by the server to the client
   * @throws ServletException if an error occurred
   * @throws IOException if an error occurred
   */
  public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
      throws ServletException, IOException {
    this.doPost(request, response);
  }

  /**
   * The doPost method of the servlet. <br>
   *
   * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to post.
   * 
   * @param request the request send by the client to the server
   * @param response the response send by the server to the client
   * @throws ServletException if an error occurred
   * @throws IOException if an error occurred
   */
  public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
      throws ServletException, IOException {

    response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
    request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    
    String action_flag = request.getParameter("action_flag");		
    PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
    if ("person".equals(action_flag)) {
      String person = GsonTools.creatJsonString(GsonService.getPerson());
      out.println(person);
      
    } else if("persons".equals(action_flag)) {
      String persons = GsonTools.creatJsonString(GsonService.getListPersons());
      out.println(persons);
    }else if("listString".equals(action_flag)) {
      String listString = GsonTools.creatJsonString(GsonService.getListString());
      out.println(listString);
    }else if("listMap".equals(action_flag)) {
      String listMap = GsonTools.creatJsonString(GsonService.getListMap());
      out.println(listMap);
    }
    
    out.flush();
    out.close();
  }

  /**
   * Initialization of the servlet. <br>
   *
   * @throws ServletException if an error occurs
   */
  public void init() throws ServletException {
    // Put your code here
  }

}

5. TestGson.java

package com.gson.test;

import com.gson.service.GsonService;
import com.gson.tools.GsonTools;


public class TestGson {

  /**
   * @param args
   */
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    
    //Test1 Person 	
    System.out.println("Gson数据格式测试结果：\n");
    String person = GsonTools.creatJsonString(GsonService.getPerson()) ;
    //Test2 persons
    String listPerson =  GsonTools.creatJsonString(GsonService.getListPersons()) ;
    //Test3 listString
    String listString =  GsonTools.creatJsonString(GsonService.getListString()) ;
    //Test 4 listMap
    String listMap = GsonTools.creatJsonString(GsonService.getListMap()) ;
    
    System.out.println("测试结果1："+person+"\n");
    System.out.println("测试结果2："+listPerson+"\n");
    System.out.println("测试结果3："+listString+"\n");
    System.out.println("测试结果4："+listMap);
  }

}

1.Person.java

package com.gson.data;

import java.io.Serializable;



public class Person implements Serializable{
  
  
  private int id;
  private String name;
  private String address;
  
  public Person() {
    // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
  }

  public int getId() {
    return id;
  }

  public void setId(int id) {
    this.id = id;
  }

  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }

  public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }

  public String getAddress() {
    return address;
  }

  public void setAddress(String address) {
    this.address = address;
  }

  public Person(int id, String name, String address) {
    super();
    this.id = id;
    this.name = name;
    this.address = address;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "Person [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", address=" + address
        + "]";
  }
  

}

2.HttpUtils.java

package com.gson.http;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.os.StrictMode;


/** 接收path服务器端返回的 InputStream, 转换为 json字符串
 * @author ben
 *
 */
public class HttpUtils {
  
  public static String getJsonContent(String url_path ,String encode){
    
    String jsonString = "";
    try {
      URL url = new URL(url_path);			
      HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
      
      connection.setConnectTimeout(3000);
      connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
      connection.setDoInput(true);  //从服务器获得数据
      
      int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();			
      
      if (200 == responseCode) {
        jsonString = changeInputStream(connection.getInputStream(),encode);
        
      }
      
    
      
    } catch (Exception e) {
      // TODO: handle exception
    }
    
  //
    return jsonString;
  }

  private static String changeInputStream(InputStream inputStream , String encode) throws IOException {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    String  jsonString = null;
    
    ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    byte[] data = new byte[1024];
    int len = 0;
    while((len=inputStream.read(data))!=-1){
      outputStream.write(data, 0, len);
    }
    
    jsonString = new String(outputStream.toByteArray(), encode);

    inputStream.close();
    
    
    return jsonString;
  }
  
}

3.MainActivity.java

package com.android.mygson;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.gson.data.Person;
import com.gson.http.HttpUtils;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.StrictMode;
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;

;

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
  private Button person, persons, listString, listMap;
  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    closeStrictMode();

    // closeStrictMode(); //关闭严苛模式

    person = (Button) findViewById(R.id.person);
    persons = (Button) findViewById(R.id.persons);
    listString = (Button) findViewById(R.id.listString);
    listMap = (Button) findViewById(R.id.listMap);
    person.setOnClickListener(this);
    persons.setOnClickListener(this);
    listString.setOnClickListener(this);
    listMap.setOnClickListener(this);

  }

  @Override
  public void onClick(View v) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    switch (v.getId()) {
    case R.id.person:

      String url_path = "http://192.168.0.102:8080/gsonProject/servlet/GsonAction?action_flag=person";
      String jsonString = HttpUtils.getJsonContent(url_path, "utf-8");
      Gson gson = new Gson();
      Person person = gson.fromJson(jsonString, Person.class);

      Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, OtherActivity.class);
      intent.putExtra("click_flag", "person");
      intent.putExtra("person", (Serializable) person);
      startActivity(intent);
      // Log.i(TAG, person.toString());

      break;

    case R.id.persons:
      String url_path2 = "http://192.168.0.102:8080/gsonProject/servlet/GsonAction?action_flag=persons";
      String jsonString2 = HttpUtils.getJsonContent(url_path2, "utf-8");			
      Gson gson2 = new Gson();
      // 用GSON 将json字符串转换成 List<Person>
      List<Person> listPerson = gson2.fromJson(jsonString2,new TypeToken<List<Person>>(){}.getType());
      Intent intent2 = new Intent(MainActivity.this, OtherActivity.class);
      intent2.putExtra("click_flag", "persons");
      intent2.putExtra("persons", (Serializable) listPerson); // 用Intent传递 List<Person>数据类型
      startActivity(intent2);
      break;

    case R.id.listString:
      String url_path3 = "http://192.168.0.102:8080/gsonProject/servlet/GsonAction?action_flag=listString";
      String jsonString3 = HttpUtils.getJsonContent(url_path3, "utf-8");
      Gson gson3 = new Gson();
      // 用GSON 将json字符串转换成 List<String>
      List<String> listString = gson3.fromJson(jsonString3,new TypeToken<List<String>>(){}.getType());
      Intent intent3 = new Intent(MainActivity.this, OtherActivity.class);
      intent3.putExtra("click_flag", "listString");
      intent3.putExtra("listString", (Serializable) listString); // 用Intent传递 List<Person>数据类型
      startActivity(intent3);
      break;
    case R.id.listMap:
      String url_path4 = "http://192.168.0.102:8080/gsonProject/servlet/GsonAction?action_flag=listMap";
      String jsonString4 = HttpUtils.getJsonContent(url_path4, "utf-8");
      Gson gson4 = new Gson();
      // 用GSON 将json字符串转换成 List<Map<String,Object>>
      List<Map<String, Object>> listMap = gson4.fromJson(jsonString4,	new TypeToken<List<Map<String, Object>>>() {}.getType());
      Intent intent4 = new Intent(MainActivity.this, OtherActivity.class);
      intent4.putExtra("click_flag", "listMap");
      intent4.putExtra("listMap", (Serializable) listMap); // 用Intent传递 List<Map<Sting,Object>>数据类型
      intent4.putExtra("jsonString", jsonString4);
      startActivity(intent4);
      break;

    }

  }

  @SuppressLint("NewApi")
  public static void closeStrictMode() {
    StrictMode.setThreadPolicy(new StrictMode.ThreadPolicy.Builder()
        .detectAll().penaltyLog().build());
  }

}

4.OtherActvity.java

package com.android.mygson;


import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import com.gson.data.Person;

import android.R.integer;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class OtherActivity extends Activity {

  private TextView textView;
  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_other);

    textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.msg);
    Intent intent = getIntent();
    String click_flag = intent.getStringExtra("click_flag");
    if ("person".equals(click_flag)) { // 如果是点击 person按钮
      // 接收Intent传递的Person对象
      Person person =(Person) intent.getSerializableExtra("person");  
      textView.setText(person.toString());	
      
    } else if ("persons".equals(click_flag)) {// 如果是点击 persons按钮
      
      // 接收Intent传递的List<Person>参数
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      List<Person> list = (List<Person>) intent
          .getSerializableExtra("persons");
      String persons = "";
      for (Person person : list) {
        persons += person.toString() + "\n";
      }
      textView.setText(persons);	
  
    }else if ("listString".equals(click_flag)) {
      List<String> list = (List<String>) intent
          .getStringArrayListExtra("listString");

      String listString = "";
      for (String s : list) {
        listString += s + "\n";
      }
      textView.setText(listString);
    } else if ("listMap".equals(click_flag)) {
      //接收Intent传递的List<Map<String,Object>>参数
      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      List<Map<String, Object>> list = (List<Map<String, Object>>) intent
          .getSerializableExtra("listMap");

      String listMapString = "";
      for (Map<String, Object> map : list) {
        // 遍历一个Map
        for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : map.entrySet()) {
          String key = entry.getKey();
          Object value = entry.getValue();					
          listMapString += " " + key + " : " + value + " ";
        }
        listMapString += "\n";
      }

      textView.setText(listMapString+intent.getStringExtra("jsonString"));
    }
    
  }

}

5.AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  package="com.android.mygson"
  android:versionCode="1"
  android:versionName="1.0" >
  <uses-sdk
    android:minSdkVersion="8"
    android:targetSdkVersion="19" />
  
  <!-- 添加访问网络的授权 -->
  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
  
  <application
    android:allowBackup="true"
    android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
    android:label="@string/app_name"
    android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
    <activity
      android:name="com.android.mygson.MainActivity"
      android:label="@string/app_name" >
      <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
        <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
      </intent-filter>
    </activity>
    <activity android:name=".OtherActivity"></activity>	
  </application>
</manifest>

6.activity_main.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
  android:layout_width="match_parent"
  android:layout_height="match_parent"
  android:orientation="vertical">
  <Button
    android:id="@+id/person"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="解析Person数据" />
  <Button
    android:id="@+id/persons"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="解析Persons数据" />
  <Button
    android:id="@+id/listString"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="解析listString数据" />
  <Button
    android:id="@+id/listMap"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="解析listMap数据" />
</LinearLayout>

7.activity_other.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
  android:layout_width="match_parent"
  android:layout_height="match_parent"
  android:orientation="vertical" >
  
  <TextView 
    android:id="@+id/msg"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"		
    
    />
  
</LinearLayout>

注意三点：

1. AndroidManifest.xml 加上访问网络权限，和注册<activity> OtherActivity.java

2. List<Map<String,Object>> list 被Gson生成的json字符串int 类型1001 和 1002 没问题，但再次解析成 List<Map<String,Object>> list是，int 型 id 变成了 1001.0 ， 1002.0 。

即Gson 将 Object类型的 1001默认转成Double 的1001.0,所以设计接口时要注意，这里设计时应该把Map<String,Object>设计成一个Person类，变成List<Person>，即第4个按钮应该设计第2个按钮的数据保存和解析方式。

3. 客户端和服务器端都要导入Gson jar包。本例中用gson-2.2.4.jar。