mysql8.0安装

一、rpm包安装

1、下载网址：www.mysql.com和www.oracle.com

1）点击DOWNLOADS

2）翻到最下面，点击MySQL Commounity （GPL）Downloads

3）点击MySQL Commounity Server

4）点击Archives

5）选择自己需要的mysql版本，选择自己的操作系统版本

2、下载软件包：

[root@192 mysql]# wget  https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-server-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@192 mysql]# wget  https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-client-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@192 mysql]# wget  https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@192 mysql]# wget  https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-common-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@192 mysql]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-libs-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

注：这5个rpm包包括了服务端的包和客户端的包，同时也包含了依赖包。

• mysql-community-client-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 是客户端的安装包
• mysql-community-server-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 是服务端的安装包
• mysql-community-devel-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 是包含开发用的库头文件安装包
• mysql-community-test-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
• mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-client-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-common-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-libs-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-server-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

2、下载依赖软件

[root@192 mysql]# yum  install  -y   net-tools.x86_64    libaio.x86_64    perl.x86_64

3、安装Mysql服务器

[root@192 mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-*
警告：mysql-community-client-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
错误：依赖检测失败：
	mariadb-libs 被 mysql-community-libs-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64 取代

发现有一个报错，mariadb-libs 被 mysql-community-libs-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64 取代，所以要移除mariadb-libs 。

[root@192 mysql]# yum -y remove mariadb-libs
[root@192 mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-*
警告：mysql-community-client-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-common-8.0.27-1.e################################# [ 20%]
   2:mysql-community-client-plugins-8.################################# [ 40%]
   3:mysql-community-libs-8.0.27-1.el7################################# [ 60%]
   4:mysql-community-client-8.0.27-1.e################################# [ 80%]
   5:mysql-community-server-8.0.27-1.e################################# [100%]

4、启动mysql，并设置开机启动

[root@192 mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@192 mysql]# systemctl enable mysqld
[root@192 mysql]# systemctl status mysqld

5、查看默认密码，并修改

1）查看默认密码

[root@192 mysql]# grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log 
2022-01-23T01:36:10.004318Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: _:8JTG7hMmh6

2）修改密码

[root@192 mysql]# mysqladmin   -uroot    -p'_:8JTG7hMmh6' password 'Jiaofan@123'
[root@192 mysql]# mysql -u root -p'Jiaofan@123'

二、源码包安装

1、下载源码包

wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-8.0.27-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

2、安装依赖包

1）编译环境依赖

yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel openssl-devel bison gcc gcc-c++ make

cmake需要安装 3.5.1 的高版本，yum -y install cmake 安装的是 2.8.12.2 版本，低版本编译mysql-8.0 会报错。

2）cmake的官网：https://cmake.org/

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.22.1/cmake-3.22.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd cmake-3.22.1
[root@localhost ~]# ./configure
[root@localhost ~]# gmake && gmake install

设置cmake的环境变量

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/profile
export CMAKE_HOME=/root/cmake-3.22.1
export PATH=${CMAKE_HOME}/bin:$PATH
[root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@localhost ~]# cmake -version
cmake version 3.22.1

CMake suite maintained and supported by Kitware (kitware.com/cmake).

3）安装devtoolset-10-gcc、devtoolset-10-gcc-c++和devtoolset-10-binutils

yum -y install centos-release-scl
yum -y install devtoolset-10-gcc devtoolset-10-gcc-c++ devtoolset-10-binutils

3、开始进行安装

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
[root@localhost ~]# cd mysql-8.0.27
[root@localhost mysql-8.0.27]# mkdir bld
[root@localhost mysql-8.0.27]# cd bld
[root@localhost bld]# cmake . -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/root/boost -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DINSTALL_MANDIR=/usr/share/man -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

注：编译安装mysql-5.7的时候boost是需要下载安装的，但是mysql-8.0指定 -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 之后会自动下载到 -DWITH_BOOST=/root/boost 指定的目录内，长时间等待以后编译安装就可以完成了。

4、初始化动作

#创建mysql的用户
[root@localhost mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql
#官网说明必须创建mysql-files文件
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir mysql-files
[root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql mysql-files
[root@localhost mysql]# chmod 750 mysql-files
#进行初始化
[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
# 屏幕会出来密码，注意保存。
[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
#开启服务
[root@localhost mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld  start
#测试
[root@localhost bin]# ./mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 

5、设置mysql的环境变量

[root@localhost bin]# vi /etc/profile
export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=${MYSQL_HOME}/bin:$PATH
[root@localhost bin]# source /etc/profile

6、用 systemctl 管理编译安装的 mysql

[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld  #前面已经执行过了
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysqld

注：该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务，并不包含
原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据
可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。 

      要列出 systemd 服务，请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。
      查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。

mysqld         	0:关	1:关	2:开	3:开	4:开	5:开	6:关
#启动mysql方法一：
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --user=mysql
2022-01-25T08:04:04.048599Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.
2022-01-25T08:04:04.086843Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data
2022-01-25T08:04:05.627720Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid ended
#启动mysql方法二：
[root@localhost local]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

7、报错处理

报错一：cmake版本太低，

-- Running cmake version 2.8.12.2
CMake Warning at CMakeLists.txt:82 (MESSAGE):
  Please use cmake3 rather than cmake on this platform


-- Please install cmake3 (yum install cmake3)
CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:112 (CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED):
  CMake 3.5.1 or higher is required.  You are running version 2.8.12.2


-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!

解决方案：

下载最近的包安装，上面有下载安装cmake的过程

报错二：

-- Running cmake version 3.22.1
-- Could NOT find Git (missing: GIT_EXECUTABLE) 
-- This is .el7. as found from 'rpm -qf /'
-- Looking for a devtoolset compiler
CMake Warning at CMakeLists.txt:347 (MESSAGE):
  Could not find devtoolset compiler/linker in /opt/rh/devtoolset-10


CMake Warning at CMakeLists.txt:349 (MESSAGE):
  You need to install the required packages:

   yum install devtoolset-10-gcc devtoolset-10-gcc-c++ devtoolset-10-binutils



CMake Error at CMakeLists.txt:351 (MESSAGE):
  Or you can set CMAKE_C_COMPILER and CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER explicitly.


-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!

解决办法：

yum -y install centos-release-scl
yum -y install devtoolset-10-gcc devtoolset-10-gcc-c++ devtoolset-10-binutils

注：按我上面的安装步骤来，不会遇到这两个报错。

报错三：

Starting MySQL.2022-01-25T07:05:47.634711Z mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.
 ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/var/lib/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid).

解决办法：

mkdir  /var/log/mariadb
touch /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
chown -R mysql:mysql   /var/log/mariadb

报错四：

Starting MySQL.2022-01-25T07:11:40.629863Z mysqld_safe Directory '/var/lib/mysql' for UNIX socket file don't exists.
 ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/var/lib/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid).

解决办法：

mkdir /var/lib/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql   /var/lib/mysql

报错五：

Starting MySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/var/lib/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid).

解决办法

1. 给予权限，执行 “chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql57/data/” 然后重新启动mysqld。
2. 进程占用 执行"ps -ef|grep mysqld" 查看是否有mysqld进程,如果有就"kill" 掉
3. datadir目录，/etc/my.cnf查看在[mysqld]下有没有指定数据目录(datadir)
4. skip-federated字段问题，/etc/my.cnf配置文件注释掉的skip-federated字段
5. 错误日志目录不存在，使用“chown” “chmod”命令赋予mysql所有者及权限

注：由于我的虚拟机的新的，最后发现是 /usr/local/mysql57/data 目录没有创建。