面向对象（创建对象）--七种模式总结

工厂模式（工厂模式虽然解决了创建多个相似对象的问题，但却没有解决对象识别的问题（即怎样知道一个对象的类型））

function createPerson(name, age, job) {
    var o = new Object();
    o.name = name;
    o.age = age;
    o.job = job;
    o.sayName = function () {
        alert(this.name);
    };
    return o;
}
var person1 = createPerson("Nicholas", 29, "Software Engineer");
var person2 = createPerson("Greg", 27, "Doctor"); 

构造函数模式（在全局作用域中定义的函数实际上只能被某个对象调用；如果对象需要定义很多方法，那么就要定义很多个全局函数）

function Person(name, age, job) {
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
    this.job = job;
    this.sayName = sayName;
}
function sayName() {
    alert(this.name);
}
var person1 = new Person("Nicholas", 29, "Software Engineer");
var person2 = new Person("Greg", 27, "Doctor"); 

原型模式（引用类型存在弊端）

function Person() {}
Person.prototype = {
    name: "Nicholas",
    age: 29,
    job: "Software Engineer",
    sayName: function() {
        alert(this.name);
    }
};
// 重设构造函数，只适用于 ECMAScript 5  兼容的浏览器
Object.defineProperty(Person.prototype, "constructor", {
    enumerable: false,
    value: Person
});

组合使用构造函数模式和原型模式（认可度最高）

function Person(name, age, job) {
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
    this.job = job;
    this.friends = ["Shelby", "Court"];
}
Person.prototype = {
    constructor: Person,
    sayName: function() {
        alert(this.name);
    }
}
var person1 = new Person("Nicholas", 29, "Software Engineer");
var person2 = new Person("Greg", 27, "Doctor");
person1.friends.push("Van");
alert(person1.friends); //"Shelby,Count,Van"
alert(person2.friends); //"Shelby,Count"
alert(person1.friends === person2.friends); //false
alert(person1.sayName === person2.sayName); //true

动态原型模式

 
function Person(name, age, job) {
    //属性
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
    this.job = job;
    // 方法
    if (typeof this.sayName != "function") {
        Person.prototype.sayName = function() {
            alert(this.name);
        };
    }
}
var friend = new Person("Nicholas", 29, "Software Engineer");
friend.sayName();

寄生构造函数模式

function Person(name, age, job) {
    var o = new Object();
    o.name = name;
    o.age = age;
    o.job = job;
    o.sayName = function() {
        alert(this.name);
    };
    return o;
}
var friend = new Person("Nicholas", 29, "Software Engineer");
friend.sayName(); //"Nicholas"

稳妥构造函数模式

function Person(name, age, job) {
    //创建要返回的对象
    var o = new Object();
    //可以在这里定义私有变量和函数
    //添加方法
    o.sayName = function() {
        alert(name);
    };
    //返回对象
    return o;
}
var friend = Person("Nicholas", 29, "Software Engineer");
friend.sayName(); //"Nicholas"