Tomcat总体架构（Tomcat源码解析系列二）

         Tomcat即是一个HTTP服务器，也是一个servlet容器，主要目的就是包装servlet，并对请求响应相应的servlet，纯servlet的web应用似乎很好理解Tomcat是如何装载servlet的，但，当使用一些MVC框架时，如spring MVC、strusts2，可能就找不出servlet在哪里？其实spring MVC框架就是一整个servlet，在web.xml中配置如下：

<!-- Spring MVC servlet -->
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
		<async-supported>true</async-supported>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
		<!-- 此处可以可以配置成*.do，对应struts的后缀习惯 -->
		<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>

而Struts2是基于过滤器的（过滤器也称作阀门，过滤器链相当于流水线），过滤器执行在调用servlet的service()方法之前。在web.xml的配置如下：

<span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:18px;"><filter>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping></span>

他的总体结构用下图来表示。

   通过上图我们可以看出Tomcat中主要涉及Server,Service,Engine,Connector,Host,Context组件，之前用过Tomcat的童鞋是不是觉得这些组件的名称有点似曾相识的赶脚，没赶脚？！您再想想。好吧，不用你想了，我来告诉你吧。其实在Tomcat二进制分发包解压后,在conf目录中有一个server.xml文件，你打开它瞄两眼看看，是不是发现server.xml文件中已经包含了上述的几个名称。

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!--
  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
-->
<!-- Note:  A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
     define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
     Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
 -->
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
  <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
  -->
  <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
  <!--Initialize Jasper prior to webapps are loaded. Documentation at /docs/jasper-howto.html -->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
  <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

  <!-- Global JNDI resources
       Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
  -