对于学过密码学的同学来说,md5算法肯定不会很陌生。但是,对于我来说,md5是一个新的命题。那什么是md5呢?md5就是对已有的数据进行加密处理。当然,它还有别的用处,什么呢?比如说,可以验证下载的软件是否完整,可以验证保存的字符串是否发生重名等等。我在这里提到这个算法,主要是为了后面一个目的,防止url重名使用的。整个算法的内容其实比较复杂的,我们自己只要学会使用就可以了。这里使用的就两个文件,一个是md5.h,另外一个是md5.c,头文件内容如下所示,
- /* See md5.c for explanation and copyright information. */
- #ifndef MD5_H
- #define MD5_H
- /* Unlike previous versions of this code, uint32 need not be exactly
- 32 bits, merely 32 bits or more. Choosing a data type which is 32
- bits instead of 64 is not important; speed is considerably more
- important. ANSI guarantees that "unsigned long" will be big enough,
- and always using it seems to have few disadvantages. */
- typedef unsigned long uint32;
- struct MD5Context {
- uint32 buf[4];
- uint32 bits[2];
- unsigned char in[64];
- };
- void MD5Init(struct MD5Context *context);
- void MD5Update(struct MD5Context *context, unsigned char const *buf, unsigned len);
- void MD5Final(unsigned char digest[16], struct MD5Context *context);
- void MD5Transform(uint32 buf[4], const unsigned char in[64]);
- /*
- * This is needed to make RSAREF happy on some MS-DOS compilers.
- */
- typedef struct MD5Context MD5_CTX;
- #endif /* !MD5_H */
- /*
- * This code implements the MD5 message-digest algorithm.
- * The algorithm is due to Ron Rivest. This code was
- * written by Colin Plumb in 1993, no copyright is claimed.
- * This code is in the public domain; do with it what you wish.
- *
- * Equivalent code is available from RSA Data Security, Inc.
- * This code has been tested against that, and is equivalent,
- * except that you don't need to include two pages of legalese
- * with every copy.
- *
- * To compute the message digest of a chunk of bytes, declare an
- * MD5Context structure, pass it to MD5Init, call MD5Update as
- * needed on buffers full of bytes, and then call MD5Final, which
- * will fill a supplied 16-byte array with the digest.
- */
- /* This code was modified in 1997 by Jim Kingdon of Cyclic Software to
- not require an integer type which is exactly 32 bits. This work
- draws on the changes for the same purpose by Tatu Ylonen
- <ylo@cs.hut.fi> as part of SSH, but since I didn't actually use
- that code, there is no copyright issue. I hereby disclaim
- copyright in any changes I have made; this code remains in the
- public domain. */
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <memory.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include "md5.h"
- /* Little-endian byte-swapping routines. Note that these do not
- depend on the size of datatypes such as uint32, nor do they require
- us to detect the endianness of the machine we are running on. It
- is possible they should be macros for speed, but I would be
- surprised if they were a performance bottleneck for MD5. */
- static uint32
- getu32 (addr)
- const unsigned char *addr;
- {
- return (((((unsigned long)addr[3] << 8) | addr[2]) << 8)
- | addr[1]) << 8 | addr[0];
- }
- static void
- putu32 (data, addr)
- uint32 data;
- unsigned char *addr;
- {
- addr[0] = (unsigned char)data;
- addr[1] = (unsigned char)(data >> 8);
- addr[2] = (unsigned char)(data >> 16);
- addr[3] = (unsigned char)(data >> 24);
- }
- /*
- * Start MD5 accumulation. Set bit count to 0 and buffer to mysterious
- * initialization constants.
- */
- void
- MD5Init(ctx)
- struct MD5Context *ctx;
- {
- ctx->buf[0] = 0x67452301;
- ctx->buf[1] = 0xefcdab89;
- ctx->buf[2] = 0x98badcfe;
- ctx->buf[3] = 0x10325476;
- ctx->bits[0] = 0;
- ctx->bits[1] = 0;
- }
- /*
- * Update context to reflect the concatenation of another buffer full
- * of bytes.
- */
- void
- MD5Update(ctx, buf, len)
- struct MD5Context *ctx;
- unsigned char const *buf;
- unsigned len;
- {
- uint32 t;
- /* Update bitcount */
- t = ctx->bits[0];
- if ((ctx->bits[0] = (t + ((uint32)len << 3)) & 0xffffffff) < t)
- ctx->bits[1]++; /* Carry from low to high */
- ctx->bits[1] += len >> 29;
- t = (t >> 3) & 0x3f; /* Bytes already in shsInfo->data */
- /* Handle any leading odd-sized chunks */
- if ( t ) {
- unsigned char *p = ctx->in + t;
- t = 64-t;
- if (len < t) {
- memcpy(p, buf, len);
- return;
- }
- memcpy(p, buf, t);
- MD5Transform(ctx->buf, ctx->in);
- buf += t;
- len -= t;
- }
- /* Process data in 64-byte chunks */
- while (len >= 64) {
- memcpy(ctx->in, buf, 64);
- MD5Transform(ctx->buf, ctx->in);
- buf += 64;
- len -= 64;
- }
- /* Handle any remaining bytes of data. */
- memcpy(ctx->in, buf, len);
- }
- /*
- * Final wrapup - pad to 64-byte boundary with the bit pattern
- * 1 0* (64-bit count of bits processed, MSB-first)
- */
- void
- MD5Final(digest, ctx)
- unsigned char digest[16];
- struct MD5Context *ctx;
- {
- unsigned count;
- unsigned char *p;
- /* Compute number of bytes mod 64 */
- count = (ctx->bits[0] >> 3) & 0x3F;
- /* Set the first char of padding to 0x80. This is safe since there is
- always at least one byte free */
- p = ctx->in + count;
- *p++ = 0x80;
- /* Bytes of padding needed to make 64 bytes */
- count = 64 - 1 - count;
- /* Pad out to 56 mod 64 */
- if (count < 8) {
- /* Two lots of padding: Pad the first block to 64 bytes */
- memset(p, 0, count);
- MD5Transform(ctx->buf, ctx->in);
- /* Now fill the next block with 56 bytes */
- memset(ctx->in, 0, 56);
- } else {
- /* Pad block to 56 bytes */
- memset(p, 0, count-8);
- }
- /* Append length in bits and transform */
- putu32(ctx->bits[0], ctx->in + 56);
- putu32(ctx->bits[1], ctx->in + 60);
- MD5Transform(ctx->buf, ctx->in);
- putu32(ctx->buf[0], digest);
- putu32(ctx->buf[1], digest + 4);
- putu32(ctx->buf[2], digest + 8);
- putu32(ctx->buf[3], digest + 12);
- memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx)); /* In case it's sensitive */
- }
- #ifndef ASM_MD5
- /* The four core functions - F1 is optimized somewhat */
- /* #define F1(x, y, z) (x & y | ~x & z) */
- #define F1(x, y, z) (z ^ (x & (y ^ z)))
- #define F2(x, y, z) F1(z, x, y)
- #define F3(x, y, z) (x ^ y ^ z)
- #define F4(x, y, z) (y ^ (x | ~z))
- /* This is the central step in the MD5 algorithm. */
- #define MD5STEP(f, w, x, y, z, data, s) \
- ( w += f(x, y, z) + data, w &= 0xffffffff, w = w<<s | w>>(32-s), w += x )
- /*
- * The core of the MD5 algorithm, this alters an existing MD5 hash to
- * reflect the addition of 16 longwords of new data. MD5Update blocks
- * the data and converts bytes into longwords for this routine.
- */
- void
- MD5Transform(buf, inraw)
- uint32 buf[4];
- const unsigned char inraw[64];
- {
- register uint32 a, b, c, d;
- uint32 in[16];
- int i;
- for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i)
- in[i] = getu32 (inraw + 4 * i);
- a = buf[0];
- b = buf[1];
- c = buf[2];
- d = buf[3];
- MD5STEP(F1, a, b, c, d, in[ 0]+0xd76aa478, 7);
- MD5STEP(F1, d, a, b, c, in[ 1]+0xe8c7b756, 12);
- MD5STEP(F1, c, d, a, b, in[ 2]+0x242070db, 17);
- MD5STEP(F1, b, c, d, a, in[ 3]+0xc1bdceee, 22);
- MD5STEP(F1, a, b, c, d, in[ 4]+0xf57c0faf, 7);
- MD5STEP(F1, d, a, b, c, in[ 5]+0x4787c62a, 12);
- MD5STEP(F1, c, d, a, b, in[ 6]+0xa8304613, 17);
- MD5STEP(F1, b, c, d, a, in[ 7]+0xfd469501, 22);
- MD5STEP(F1, a, b, c, d, in[ 8]+0x698098d8, 7);
- MD5STEP(F1, d, a, b, c, in[ 9]+0x8b44f7af, 12);
- MD5STEP(F1, c, d, a, b, in[10]+0xffff5bb1, 17);
- MD5STEP(F1, b, c, d, a, in[11]+0x895cd7be, 22);
- MD5STEP(F1, a, b, c, d, in[12]+0x6b901122, 7);
- MD5STEP(F1, d, a, b, c, in[13]+0xfd987193, 12);
- MD5STEP(F1, c, d, a, b, in[14]+0xa679438e, 17);
- MD5STEP(F1, b, c, d, a, in[15]+0x49b40821, 22);
- MD5STEP(F2, a, b, c, d, in[ 1]+0xf61e2562, 5);
- MD5STEP(F2, d, a, b, c, in[ 6]+0xc040b340, 9);
- MD5STEP(F2, c, d, a, b, in[11]+0x265e5a51, 14);
- MD5STEP(F2, b, c, d, a, in[ 0]+0xe9b6c7aa, 20);
- MD5STEP(F2, a, b, c, d, in[ 5]+0xd62f105d, 5);
- MD5STEP(F2, d, a, b, c, in[10]+0x02441453, 9);
- MD5STEP(F2, c, d, a, b, in[15]+0xd8a1e681, 14);
- MD5STEP(F2, b, c, d, a, in[ 4]+0xe7d3fbc8, 20);
- MD5STEP(F2, a, b, c, d, in[ 9]+0x21e1cde6, 5);
- MD5STEP(F2, d, a, b, c, in[14]+0xc33707d6, 9);
- MD5STEP(F2, c, d, a, b, in[ 3]+0xf4d50d87, 14);
- MD5STEP(F2, b, c, d, a, in[ 8]+0x455a14ed, 20);
- MD5STEP(F2, a, b, c, d, in[13]+0xa9e3e905, 5);
- MD5STEP(F2, d, a, b, c, in[ 2]+0xfcefa3f8, 9);
- MD5STEP(F2, c, d, a, b, in[ 7]+0x676f02d9, 14);
- MD5STEP(F2, b, c, d, a, in[12]+0x8d2a4c8a, 20);
- MD5STEP(F3, a, b, c, d, in[ 5]+0xfffa3942, 4);
- MD5STEP(F3, d, a, b, c, in[ 8]+0x8771f681, 11);
- MD5STEP(F3, c, d, a, b, in[11]+0x6d9d6122, 16);
- MD5STEP(F3, b, c, d, a, in[14]+0xfde5380c, 23);
- MD5STEP(F3, a, b, c, d, in[ 1]+0xa4beea44, 4);
- MD5STEP(F3, d, a, b, c, in[ 4]+0x4bdecfa9, 11);
- MD5STEP(F3, c, d, a, b, in[ 7]+0xf6bb4b60, 16);
- MD5STEP(F3, b, c, d, a, in[10]+0xbebfbc70, 23);
- MD5STEP(F3, a, b, c, d, in[13]+0x289b7ec6, 4);
- MD5STEP(F3, d, a, b, c, in[ 0]+0xeaa127fa, 11);
- MD5STEP(F3, c, d, a, b, in[ 3]+0xd4ef3085, 16);
- MD5STEP(F3, b, c, d, a, in[ 6]+0x04881d05, 23);
- MD5STEP(F3, a, b, c, d, in[ 9]+0xd9d4d039, 4);
- MD5STEP(F3, d, a, b, c, in[12]+0xe6db99e5, 11);
- MD5STEP(F3, c, d, a, b, in[15]+0x1fa27cf8, 16);
- MD5STEP(F3, b, c, d, a, in[ 2]+0xc4ac5665, 23);
- MD5STEP(F4, a, b, c, d, in[ 0]+0xf4292244, 6);
- MD5STEP(F4, d, a, b, c, in[ 7]+0x432aff97, 10);
- MD5STEP(F4, c, d, a, b, in[14]+0xab9423a7, 15);
- MD5STEP(F4, b, c, d, a, in[ 5]+0xfc93a039, 21);
- MD5STEP(F4, a, b, c, d, in[12]+0x655b59c3, 6);
- MD5STEP(F4, d, a, b, c, in[ 3]+0x8f0ccc92, 10);
- MD5STEP(F4, c, d, a, b, in[10]+0xffeff47d, 15);
- MD5STEP(F4, b, c, d, a, in[ 1]+0x85845dd1, 21);
- MD5STEP(F4, a, b, c, d, in[ 8]+0x6fa87e4f, 6);
- MD5STEP(F4, d, a, b, c, in[15]+0xfe2ce6e0, 10);
- MD5STEP(F4, c, d, a, b, in[ 6]+0xa3014314, 15);
- MD5STEP(F4, b, c, d, a, in[13]+0x4e0811a1, 21);
- MD5STEP(F4, a, b, c, d, in[ 4]+0xf7537e82, 6);
- MD5STEP(F4, d, a, b, c, in[11]+0xbd3af235, 10);
- MD5STEP(F4, c, d, a, b, in[ 2]+0x2ad7d2bb, 15);
- MD5STEP(F4, b, c, d, a, in[ 9]+0xeb86d391, 21);
- buf[0] += a;
- buf[1] += b;
- buf[2] += c;
- buf[3] += d;
- }
- #endif
- /* Simple test program. Can use it to manually run the tests from
- RFC1321 for example. */
- int
- main (int argc, char **argv)
- {
- struct MD5Context context;
- unsigned char checksum[16];
- int i;
- if (argc < 2)
- {
- fprintf (stderr, "usage: %s string-to-hash\n", argv[0]);
- exit (1);
- }
- printf ("MD5 (\"%s\") = ", argv[1]);
- MD5Init (&context);
- MD5Update (&context, argv[1], strlen (argv[1]));
- MD5Final (checksum, &context);
- for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
- {
- printf ("%02x", (unsigned int) checksum[i]);
- }
- printf ("\n");
- return 0;
- }
整个程序使用也非常简单,就是md5 + 加密字符串。比如说md5 www.163.com,那么加密得到的数字就是cc4e427b15d6ddd711b304a48f80bdbe。为了验证我们的算法是否正确,可以寻找一个md5在线加密网站,输入加密的字符串数据,看看生成的字符数字是不是这个。