.net 之美读书笔记

委托与事件

委托

委托的定义

委托（delegate）可以理解为函数类型，实现了函数可以当作参数传递，使程序更加灵活。下面通过代码快速熟悉委托的使用顺序。

public delegate void GreetingDelegate(string name);
    class Program
    {
        //2.定义委托方法体
        public static void EnglishGreeting(string name)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Morning," + name);
        }

        public static void ChineseGreeting(string name)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("早上好，" + name);
        }

        public static void GreetPeople(string name, GreetingDelegate markGreet)
        {
            //4.调用委托
            markGreet(name);
        }
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //3.将函数赋值给委托
            GreetPeople("Jerry Zhao", EnglishGreeting);
            GreetPeople("番茄赵", ChineseGreeting);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

事件

事件（event）：对委托的封装，保护委托不允许外部程序直接为委托赋值（会将已添加的委托丢掉）。
使用方法public event GreetingDelegate MarkGreet;

.Net事件模型

这里借助一个熟悉的例子讲诉事件模型。热水器烧水到95后，报警器报警，显示器显示。

    /// <summary>
    /// 加热器
    /// </summary>
    public class Heater
    {
        private int temperature;
        /// <summary>
        /// 型号
        /// </summary>
        public string type = "RealFire 001";
        /// <summary>
        /// 产地
        /// </summary>
        public string area = "China Xian";

        /// <summary>
        /// 委托
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender">被观察者（Heater）</param>
        /// <param name="e">传递到观察者的参数</param>
        public delegate void BoiledEnentHandler(object sender, BoiledEventArgs e);
        /// <summary>
        /// 初始化空函数，防止没有订阅值为null，调用报错
        /// </summary>
        public event BoiledEnentHandler Boiled = (sender, e) => { };

        /// <summary>
        /// 注意这里使用内部类，只是传递参数
        /// 被观察着传入到观察者参数
        /// </summary>
        public class BoiledEventArgs : EventArgs
        {
            public readonly int temperature;

            public BoiledEventArgs(int temperature)
            {
                this.temperature = temperature;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 被观察者通知观察者方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="e">参数</param>
        protected virtual void OnBoiled(BoiledEventArgs e)
        {
            //#1多播委托
            /*
            foreach(Delegate d in Boiled.GetInvocationList())
            {
                BoiledEnentHandler boiled = (BoiledEnentHandler)d;
                boiled(this, e);
            }
            */

            //#2异常处理，一个主题有多个订阅者。订阅者一个订阅者发出异常不应该阻塞其他订阅者
            /*
            foreach (Delegate d in Boiled.GetInvocationList())
            {
                BoiledEnentHandler boiled = (BoiledEnentHandler)d;
                try
                {
                    boiled(this, e);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {


                }
            }
            */

            //#3超时处理，发布者不应这个通知订阅者，应采用一部调用
            foreach (Delegate d in Boiled.GetInvocationList())
            {
                BoiledEnentHandler boiled = (BoiledEnentHandler)d;
                boiled.BeginInvoke(this, e, null, null);

            }

            //Boiled(this, e);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// </summary>
        public void BoilWater()
        {
            for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++)
            {
                temperature = i;
                if (temperature > 95)
                {
                    BoiledEventArgs e = new BoiledEventArgs(temperature);
                    OnBoiled(e);
                }
            }
        }
    }


    /// <summary>
    /// 报警器
    /// </summary>
    public class Alarm
    {
        public void MarkAlert(object sender, Heater.BoiledEventArgs e)
        {
            Heater heater = (Heater)sender;
            Console.WriteLine("Alarm:{0}-{1}", heater.area, heater.type);
            Console.WriteLine("Alarm:嘀嘀嘀，水已经{0}度", e.temperature);
            Console.WriteLine();
            Thread.Sleep(500);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 显示器
    /// </summary>
    public class Display
    {
        public static void ShowMsg(object sender, Heater.BoiledEventArgs e)
        {
            Heater heater = (Heater)sender;
            if (e.temperature == 99)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(2000);
            }

            Console.WriteLine("Display:{0}-{1}", heater.area, heater.type);
            Console.WriteLine("Display:水已经{0}度", e.temperature);
            Console.WriteLine();

        }
    }

        //调用
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Heater heater = new Heater();
            Alarm alarm = new Alarm();

            heater.Boiled += alarm.MarkAlert;
            heater.Boiled += Display.ShowMsg;
            heater.BoilWater();

            Console.ReadKey();
        }

委托进阶

利用上面的代码介绍下多播的进阶
* 1多播委托的调用
* 2异常处理,多播中异常处理
* 3超时处理,委托的异步调用成对出现 BeginXXX，EndXXX