C++：string的[ ]，at，push_back

1.[ ]运算符和at函数

返回的是string的当前字符串的合法的索引位置的引用，所谓的合法是指小于size的索引

#include <string>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    string str = "hello";
    cout<<"str:"<<str<<endl;
    cout<<"size:"<<str.size()<<endl;
    cout<<"capacity:"<<str.capacity()<<endl;
    cout<<endl;

    str[0] = 'e';
    str.at(4) = 'l';
    cout<<"str:"<<str<<endl;
    cout<<"size:"<<str.size()<<endl;
    cout<<"capacity:"<<str.capacity()<<endl;

    return 0;
}

运行程序输出：

str:hello
size:5
capacity:15

str:eelll
size:5
capacity:15

可以看到字符串的内容发生了变化，但是长度和容量都没有变