安卓开发日记---2017.10.23

继续积累吧。

Intent

这周我主要学习了Android中的Intent模块，做了一些小的练习，熟悉了这个模块的使用方法。从直观上理解，Intent可以看作一种消息机制，从一个Activity到另一个Activity，或者从一个app到另一个app。

创建一个新的Activity

在Android中，我们需要从一个Activity中，创建另一个Activity，来实现UI的切换。实现之一目标的方法是startActivity方法。在startActivity方法中，我们需要一个Intent类型的参数，这个参数可以携带一些key-value数据，并将其传入到新创建的Activity中。

                String textEntered = mNameEntry.getText().toString();

                /*
                 * Storing the Context in a variable in this case is redundant since we could have
                 * just used "this" or "MainActivity.this" in the method call below. However, we
                 * wanted to demonstrate what parameter we were using "MainActivity.this" for as
                 * clear as possible.
                 */
                Context context = MainActivity.this;

                /* This is the class that we want to start (and open) when the button is clicked. */
                Class destinationActivity = ChildActivity.class;

                /*
                 * Here, we create the Intent that will start the Activity we specified above in
                 * the destinationActivity variable. The constructor for an Intent also requires a
                 * context, which we stored in the variable named "context".
                 */
                Intent startChildActivityIntent = new Intent(context, destinationActivity);

                // COMPLETED (2) Use the putExtra method to put the String from the EditText in the Intent
                /*
                 * We use the putExtra method of the Intent class to pass some extra stuff to the
                 * Activity that we are starting. Generally, this data is quite simple, such as
                 * a String or a number. However, there are ways to pass more complex objects.
                 */
                startChildActivityIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, textEntered);

                /*
                 * Once the Intent has been created, we can use Activity's method, "startActivity"
                 * to start the ChildActivity.
                 */
                startActivity(startChildActivityIntent);

隐式Intent

隐式Intent的主要目的是使用Android系统中其他App提供的公共服务，例如：浏览器，地图等工具。这些隐式Intent的信息可以在Android的官方开发文档中找到。

打开一个网页

    private void openWebPage(String url) {
        /*
         * We wanted to demonstrate the Uri.parse method because its usage occurs frequently. You
         * could have just as easily passed in a Uri as the parameter of this method.
         */
        Uri webpage = Uri.parse(url);

        /*
         * Here, we create the Intent with the action of ACTION_VIEW. This action allows the user
         * to view particular content. In this case, our webpage URL.
         */
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, webpage);

        /*
         * This is a check we perform with every implicit Intent that we launch. In some cases,
         * the device where this code is running might not have an Activity to perform the action
         * with the data we've specified. Without this check, in those cases your app would crash.
         */
        if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
            startActivity(intent);
        }
    }

打开地图，并进行定位

    public void onClickOpenAddressButton(View v) {
        String addressString = "1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, CA";

        Uri.Builder builder = new Uri.Builder();
        builder.scheme("geo")
                .path("0,0")
                .query(addressString);
        Uri addressUri = builder.build();

        showMap(addressUri);
    }

    private void showMap(Uri geoLocation) {
        /*
         * Again, we create an Intent with the action, ACTION_VIEW because we want to VIEW the
         * contents of this Uri.
         */
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);

        /*
         * Using setData to set the Uri of this Intent has the exact same affect as passing it in
         * the Intent's constructor. This is simply an alternate way of doing this.
         */
        intent.setData(geoLocation);
        if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
            startActivity(intent);
        }
    }

共享消息

在Android中，我们会将一些内容进行共享，例如：文本，音频，视频等。这时候我们需要ShareCompat创建一个共享的Intent，并提供给可以处理的App。例如：将文本信息交给剪贴板。

    void shareTest(String textToShare){
        String mineType = "text/plain";

        String title = "Learning how to share";


        ShareCompat.IntentBuilder.from(this)
                .setType(mineType)
                .setChooserTitle(title)
                .setText(textToShare)
                .startChooser();
    }

在这里，如果我们将一个Intent绑定到一个MenuItem中，可以使用setIntent方法。在点击这个MenuItem之后，就会自动使用这个共享Intent分享到其他的应用中。

    private Intent createShareForecastIntent() {
        Intent shareIntent = ShareCompat.IntentBuilder.from(this)
                .setType("text/plain")
                .setText(mForecast + FORECAST_SHARE_HASHTAG)
                .getIntent();
        return shareIntent;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.detail, menu);
        MenuItem menuItem = menu.findItem(R.id.action_share);
        menuItem.setIntent(createShareForecastIntent());
        return true;
    }