For a undirected graph with tree characteristics, we can choose any node as the root. The result graph is then a rooted tree. Among all possible rooted trees, those with minimum height are called minimum height trees (MHTs). Given such a graph, write a function to find all the MHTs and return a list of their root labels.
Format
The graph contains n
nodes which are labeled from 0
to n - 1
. You will be given the number n
and a list of undirected edges
(each edge is a pair of labels).
You can assume that no duplicate edges will appear in edges
. Since all edges are undirected, [0, 1]
is the same as [1, 0]
and thus will not appear together in edges
.
Example 1:
Given n = 4
, edges = [[1, 0], [1, 2], [1, 3]]
0 | 1 / \ 2 3
return [1]
Example 2:
Given n = 6
, edges = [[0, 3], [1, 3], [2, 3], [4, 3], [5, 4]]
0 1 2 \ | / 3 | 4 | 5
return [3, 4]
Hint:
- How many MHTs can a graph have at most?
Note:
(1) According to the definition of tree on Wikipedia: “a tree is an undirected graph in which any two vertices are connected by exactly one path. In other words, any connected graph without simple cycles is a tree.”
(2) The height of a rooted tree is the number of edges on the longest downward path between the root and a leaf.
Solution:
Keep removing the most outside node util there is only one node left or two nodes left, what left is the answer.
Code:
public class Solution {
public List<Integer> findMinHeightTrees(int n, int[][] edges) {
int[] indegree = new int[n];
HashMap<Integer,HashSet<Integer>> hm = new HashMap();
for(int[] e : edges){
indegree[e[0]] += 1;
indegree[e[1]] += 1;
hm.computeIfAbsent(e[0], k -> new HashSet<Integer>()).add(e[1]);
hm.computeIfAbsent(e[1], k -> new HashSet<Integer>()).add(e[0]);
}
ArrayList<Integer> next = new ArrayList<Integer>();
int total = n;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
if(indegree[i] <= 1){ // use <= here because of the special case [1]
next.add(i);
}
}
while(total > 2){
ArrayList<Integer> temp = new ArrayList<>();
for(int i : next){
total -= 1;
for(int j : hm.get(i)){
indegree[j] -= 1;
if(indegree[j] == 1){
temp.add(j);
}
}
}
next = temp;
}
return next;
}
}