基于51单片机的智能恒温箱(基于PID算法)proteus仿真原理图PCB

功能介绍：
0.本系统采用STC89C52作为单片机
1.LCD1602液晶实时显示温度和设定的温度上下限阈值
2.当温度超过上下限阈值时，对应控制继电器启动，采用PID算法控制。当温度达到阈值均值时，关闭继电器
3.当温度超过阈值1分钟以上，蜂鸣器报警
4.加热器件采用功率电阻，降温器件采用4010小风扇

原理图：

PCB：

主程序：

#include <reg52.h> //包含头文件，一般情况不需要改动，头文件包含特殊功能寄存器的定义
#include <stdio.h>
#include "18b20.h"
#include "lcd1602.h"
#include "delay.h"
#include "pid.h"


#define ON 0
#define OFF 1

/************************* 引脚定义 *************************/
sbit BUZZER      = P2^3;

sbit KEY_ADD     = P3^4; //按键引脚定义
sbit KEY_SUB     = P3^6;
sbit KEY_SET     = P3^3;
sbit KEY_ENTER   = P3^5;

sbit RELAY_HEAT  = P2^1; //控制升温继电器
sbit RELAY_COOL  = P2^0; //控制降温继电器

/************************* 变量定义 *************************/
PID_Calibration_Def xdata PID_Calibration;
PID_State_Def PID_State;

int temp;          //温度读取
float temperature; //实际温度
int xdata tempMin = 30; //温度下限
int xdata tempMax = 34; //最高上限
char dis0[16];           //定义显示区域临时存储数组

bit refreshFlag = 1;             //刷新标志
bit heatFlag = 0;             //加热启动标志
bit coolFlag = 0;             //制冷启动标志
unsigned char setIndex = 0;
unsigned char time500ms = 0;
unsigned char PWMCnt = 0;


/************************* 函数声明 *************************/
void Timer0_Init(void); //函数声明
void KeyProcess(void); //按键处理
void Set_PID_Parameter(void); //PID参数初始化

void main(void)
{
    /************************* 初始化 *************************/
    Timer0_Init();
    

    LCD_Init();  //初始化液晶
    DelayMs(20); //延时有助于稳定
    LCD_Clear(); //清屏

    Set_PID_Parameter();

    /************************* 主循环 *************************/
    while (1)
    {

        if (refreshFlag == 1)
        {
            refreshFlag = 0;

            TR0 = 0;
            while(!DS18B20_Start());
            DS18B20_GetTemp(&temp); //读取温度
            temperature = (float)temp * 0.0625;  //温度转换    
            if (temperature >= -55)
            {
                sprintf(dis0,"  Temp:%5.1f", temperature);
                LCD_DispStr(0, 0, dis0);
                LCD_DispOneChar(12, 0, 0xdf);
                LCD_DispOneChar(13, 0, 'C');
            }
            PID_State.actual = temperature; //当前温度
            TR0 = 1;

            sprintf(dis0,"Min:%3d", tempMin);
            LCD_DispStr(1, 1, dis0);
            sprintf(dis0,"Max:%3d", tempMax);
            LCD_DispStr(9, 1, dis0);

            if (temperature < tempMin || temperature > tempMax) //高于温度上限，或低于温度下限
            {
                if (time500ms >= 120) //计时1分钟
                {
                    BUZZER = 0; //打开蜂鸣器
                }
                else
                {
                    time500ms++;
                } 
            }
            else
            {
                time500ms = 0;
                BUZZER = 1; //关闭蜂鸣器
            }

            if (temperature < tempMin)
            {
                heatFlag = 1;
                coolFlag = 0;
                
            }
            else if (temperature > tempMax)
            {
                coolFlag = 1;
                heatFlag = 0;
            }
            


            if (heatFlag == 1 || coolFlag == 1)
            {
                // 增量式PID
                PID_State.target = (tempMin + tempMax) / 2; //加热至阈值均值
                PID_State = PID_Increament(PID_Calibration, PID_State);
                if (PID_State.actual <= PID_State.target + 0.5 && PID_State.actual >= PID_State.target - 0.5)
                {
                    coolFlag = 0;
                    heatFlag = 0;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                PID_State.last_error = 0;
                PID_State.previous_error = 0;
                PID_State.output = 0;
            }

            
        } 

        if (heatFlag == 1)
        {
            if (PWMCnt <= PID_State.output) //占空比调节
            {
                RELAY_HEAT = ON;
            }
            else if ((PWMCnt > PID_State.output)) //关闭时间段
            {
                RELAY_HEAT = OFF;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            RELAY_HEAT = OFF;
        }

        if (coolFlag == 1)
        {
            if (PWMCnt <= PID_State.output) //占空比调节
            {
                RELAY_COOL = ON;
            }
            else if ((PWMCnt > PID_State.output)) //关闭时间段
            {
                RELAY_COOL = OFF;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            RELAY_COOL = OFF;
        }

        KeyProcess();

    }
}

void Set_PID_Parameter(void)
{
    PID_Calibration.kp = 5;
    PID_Calibration.ki = 1;
    PID_Calibration.kd = 0.1;

    PID_State.actual = 0;
    PID_State.target = 35;
    PID_State.integral = 0;
    PID_State.last_error = 0;
    PID_State.previous_error = 0;
    PID_State.output = 0;
}  

void KeyProcess(void)
{
    if (!KEY_SET) //设置按键按下
    {
        DelayMs(5);
        if (!KEY_SET)
        {
            setIndex++;
            if (setIndex > 2)
            {
                setIndex = 0;
            }

            if (setIndex == 0)
            {
                LCD_DispOneChar(0, 1, ' ');
                LCD_DispOneChar(8, 1, ' ');
            }
            else if (setIndex == 1)
            {
                LCD_DispOneChar(0, 1, '>');
                LCD_DispOneChar(8, 1, ' ');
            }
            else if (setIndex == 2)
            {
                LCD_DispOneChar(0, 1, ' ');
                LCD_DispOneChar(8, 1, '>');
            }
        }
        while (!KEY_SET);
    }
    
    if (!KEY_ENTER) //确认键按下
    {
        DelayMs(5);
        if (!KEY_ENTER)
        {
            setIndex = 0;
            LCD_DispOneChar(0, 1, ' ');
            LCD_DispOneChar(8, 1, ' ');
        }
        while (!KEY_ENTER);
    }
    
    if (!KEY_ADD) //加键按下
    {
        DelayMs(180);
        if (!KEY_ADD)
        {
            if (setIndex == 1)
            {
                tempMin++;
                if (tempMin >= tempMax)
                {
                    tempMin = 0;
                }
            }
            else if (setIndex == 2)
            {
                tempMax++;
                if (tempMax >= 99)
                {
                    tempMax = tempMin + 1;
                }
            }
        }
        //while (!KEY_ADD);
    }

    if (!KEY_SUB) //减键按下
    {
        DelayMs(180);
        if (!KEY_SUB)
        {
            if (setIndex == 1)
            {
                tempMin--;
                if (tempMin < 0)
                {
                    tempMin = tempMax - 1;
                }
            }
            else if (setIndex == 2)
            {
                tempMax--;
                if (tempMax <= tempMin)
                {
                    tempMax = 125;
                }
            }
        }
        //while (!KEY_SUB);
    }
}

void Timer0_Init(void)
{
    TMOD &= 0xF0;                //使用模式1，16位定时器，使用"|"符号可以在使用多个定时器时不受影响
    TMOD |= 0x01;                //使用模式1，16位定时器，使用"|"符号可以在使用多个定时器时不受影响
	TL0 = 0x00;		//设置定时初值
	TH0 = 0x4C;		//设置定时初值 50ms
    PT0 = 1; //设置高优先级
    EA = 1;  //总中断打开
    ET0 = 1; //定时器中断打开
    TR0 = 1; //定时器开关打开
}

void Timer0_isr(void) interrupt 1
{
    static unsigned int numCount = 0;

	TL0 = 0x00;		//设置定时初值
	TH0 = 0x4C;		//设置定时初值 50ms

    numCount++;

    if (numCount > 10)
    {
        numCount = 0;
        refreshFlag = 1;
    }

    if (heatFlag == 1)
    {
        if (PWMCnt < 100)
        {
            PWMCnt++;
        }
        else
        {
            PWMCnt = 1; //一个周期结束
        }
    }

    if (coolFlag == 1)
    {
        if (PWMCnt < 100)
        {
            PWMCnt++;
        }
        else
        {
            PWMCnt = 1; //一个周期结束
        }
    }
}

仿真演示视频：
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1cr4y1478Z/

实物演示视频：
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1tZ4y1879j/