自定义View时wrap_content不起作用?

view显示到屏幕上,大概来讲,需要走如下的流程:从调用方法的角度来看,即需要走三个方法:measure(),layout(),draw(),这三个方法是view的方法,走完这三个方法view就会显示到屏幕上

而且这三个方法是final修饰的,系统不允许我们重写这些方法,要求我们遵循这个框架流程,但是又不能不让我们自定义自己的测量,布局和绘画过程,所以给出了onMeasure(),onLayout(),onDraw()可重写的方法,它们分别对应于measure(),layout(),draw()方法,分别在measure(),layout(),draw()内部调用,(这里用到了模板方法模式)我们可以通过重写on开头的这些方法达到自定义的效果。

下面,看一下view的onMeasure()方法的默认实现,读代码发现默认实现wrap_content和match_parent获取的测量值是一样的,即都是通过int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);获取的,那么这里的measureSpec(即onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)方法传过来的的两个参数,widthMeasureSpec 和 heightMeasureSpec从哪里来的呢?发现,是通过如下流程传过来的,从父容器开始,在父容器中的measure()方法中调用了measureChildren()方法,在measureChildren()方法中遍历了所有的子view,调用了measureChild()方法,在measureChild()方法中getChildMeasureSpec()方法获取了子View的大小和测量模式,然后再通过调用子view的measure()传给了子view的onMeasure()方法。简述如下

父measure() --> 父measureChildren()循环调用 --> 父measureChild() -- >  父 getChildMeasureSpec()-- >   子measure() --> 子onMeasure()

另外附上:画子view 的调用流程 :父draw() -->  父dispatchDraw()  循环调用 -->  drawChild()  --> 子draw()

上面的方法的调用在具体的控件中可能并不是准确的(具体到某个方法),但是整个流程是正确的,当把某个自定义view放到某个系统已经实现好的现有的父容器中时(比如Linear Layout,FrameLayout),由于父容器已经重写了ViewGroup的onMeasure()方法,加上了测量子view的逻辑(ViewGroup默认是没有对子View的操作的,只是提供了一些操作的方法,如measureChildren(),measureChild(),measureChildWithMargins()等),所以会调用getChildMeasureSpec()方法获取子view的大小和测量模式。

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        //获取测量后的大小(getDefaultSize)
        //并进行设置(setMeasuredDimension)
        setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
                getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
    }


public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
        int result = size;
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

        switch (specMode) {
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            result = size;
            break;
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST://对应wrap_content
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY://对应match_parent和确定的高宽值
            result = specSize;
            break;
        }
        return result;
    }
另:protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {
        return (mBackground == null) ? mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth());
    }
protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,
            int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {
        final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();
        //getChildMeasureSpec获取子View的测量规格
        final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);
        final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);

        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
    }

//注:在LinearLayout中测量子view的方法调用的应该是下面这个方法(待验证)
protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,
            int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,
            int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {
        final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

        final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin
                        + widthUsed, lp.width);
        final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin
                        + heightUsed, lp.height);

        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
    }

经过上面的分析结合 measureChild()方法发现getDefaultSize()方法参数中的 measureSpec而是通过getChildMeasureSpec()方法获取的,下面看一下getChildMeasureSpec()方法,可以看出,父容器是EXACTLY和AT_MOST时(UNSPECIFIED一般是系统使用,暂不考虑,无论子view是match_parent还是wrap_content,其获得的size(即方法中你的resultSize)都是父容器的size减去父容器自身的padding : int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);

public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
        //父容器的测量模式
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
        //父容器的尺寸
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);

        int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);

        int resultSize = 0;
        int resultMode = 0;
        //对不同的父容器测量模式分别进行处理
        switch (specMode) {
        // Parent has imposed an exact size on us

        //父容器是EXACTLY模式
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:

            //子View 尺寸 >= 0,即指定了确切的宽高值。
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;

            //子View是MATCH_PARENT
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size. So be it.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;

            //子View是WRAP_CONTENT
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
                // bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            }
            break;

        // Parent has imposed a maximum size on us

        //父容器是AT_MOST模式
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:

            //子View 尺寸 >= 0,即指定了确切的宽高值。
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                // Child wants a specific size... so be it
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;

            //子View是MATCH_PARENT
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
                // Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;

            //子View是WRAP_CONTENT
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
                // bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            }
            break;

        // Parent asked to see how big we want to be

        //父容器是UNSPECIFIED模式
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:

            //子View 尺寸 >= 0,即指定了确切的宽高值。
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                // Child wants a specific size... let him have it
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;

            //子View是MATCH_PARENT
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
                // be
                resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;

            //子View是WRAP_CONTENT
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
                // big it should be
                resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
            }
            break;
        }
        //noinspection ResourceType
        return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
    }

解决办法:如下,即设置一个默认的宽高

 @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);

        // 获取宽的大小
        int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);

        // 获取高的大小
        int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);

        //默认宽高大小
        int defaultWidth = 300;
        int defaultHeight = 300;

        if (getLayoutParams().width == ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
            widthSize = defaultWidth;
        }

        if (getLayoutParams().height == ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
            heightSize = defaultHeight;
        }
        //重新设置大小
        setMeasuredDimension(widthSize, heightSize);
    }

 

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