Java基础：== 、 equals 、hashCode

== ：比较内存地址

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Object.equals():

 public boolean equals(Object obj) {
	return (this == obj);
    }

 

Long.equals():

 public boolean equals(Object obj) {
	if (obj instanceof Long) {
	    return value == ((Long)obj).longValue();
	}
	return false;
    }

Test:

Long a = new Long(1);
int b = 1;
System.out.println(a.equals(b));//false，b被装箱后比较a与b的内存地址
System.out.println(a==b);//true,a被拆箱后比较a与b的内存地址
Long a1 = new Long(1);
System.out.println(a == a1);//false

 

String.equals():

 public boolean equals(Object anObject) {
	if (this == anObject) {
	    return true;
	}

HashMap.equals():

public final boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
                return false;
            Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry)o;
            Object k1 = getKey();
            Object k2 = e.getKey();
            if (k1 == k2 || (k1 != null && k1.equals(k2))) {
                Object v1 = getValue();
                Object v2 = e.getValue();
                if (v1 == v2 || (v1 != null && v1.equals(v2)))
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

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Object.hashCode(): 返回内存地址

/**
     * Returns a hash code value for the object. This method is 
     * supported for the benefit of hashtables such as those provided by 
     * <code>java.util.Hashtable</code>. 
     * <p>
     * The general contract of <code>hashCode</code> is: 
     * <ul>
     * <li>Whenever it is invoked on the same object more than once during 
     *     an execution of a Java application, the <tt>hashCode</tt> method 
     *     must consistently return the same integer, provided no information 
     *     used in <tt>equals</tt> comparisons on the object is modified.
     *     This integer need not remain consistent from one execution of an
     *     application to another execution of the same application. 
     * <li>If two objects are equal according to the <tt>equals(Object)</tt>
     *     method, then calling the <code>hashCode</code> method on each of 
     *     the two objects must produce the same integer result. 
     * <li>It is <em>not</em> required that if two objects are unequal 
     *     according to the {@link java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)} 
     *     method, then calling the <tt>hashCode</tt> method on each of the 
     *     two objects must produce distinct integer results.  However, the 
     *     programmer should be aware that producing distinct integer results 
     *     for unequal objects may improve the performance of hashtables.
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * As much as is reasonably practical, the hashCode method defined by 
     * class <tt>Object</tt> does return distinct integers for distinct 
     * objects. (This is typically implemented by converting the internal 
     * address of the object into an integer, but this implementation 
     * technique is not required by the 
     * Java<font size="-2"><sup>TM</sup></font> programming language.)
     *
     * @return  a hash code value for this object.
     * @see     java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)
     * @see     java.util.Hashtable
     */
    public native int hashCode();

 Long.hashCode():返回Long的值

    /**
     * Returns a hash code for this <code>Long</code>. The result is
     * the exclusive OR of the two halves of the primitive
     * <code>long</code> value held by this <code>Long</code>
     * object. That is, the hashcode is the value of the expression:
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * (int)(this.longValue()^(this.longValue()&gt;&gt;&gt;32))
     * </pre></blockquote>
     *
     * @return  a hash code value for this object.
     */
    public int hashCode() {
	return (int)(value ^ (value >>> 32));
    }

 

String.hashCode():

 /**
     * Returns a hash code for this string. The hash code for a
     * <code>String</code> object is computed as
     * <blockquote><pre>
     * s[0]*31^(n-1) + s[1]*31^(n-2) + ... + s[n-1]
     * </pre></blockquote>
     * using <code>int</code> arithmetic, where <code>s[i]</code> is the
     * <i>i</i>th character of the string, <code>n</code> is the length of
     * the string, and <code>^</code> indicates exponentiation.
     * (The hash value of the empty string is zero.)
     *
     * @return  a hash code value for this object.
     */
    public int hashCode() {
	int h = hash;
        int len = count;
	if (h == 0 && len > 0) {
	    int off = offset;
	    char val[] = value;

            for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                h = 31*h + val[off++];
            }
            hash = h;
        }
        return h;
    }

 test:

String s = "abc";
System.out.println(s.hashCode());//96354
		
String s2 = "abc";
System.out.println(s2.hashCode());//96354

 

Object obj = 1;
System.out.println(obj.hashCode());//1
Object obj2 = new Long(1);
System.out.println(obj.hashCode());//1
Object obj3 = new Long(1);
System.out.println(obj.equals(obj2));//false
System.out.println(obj==obj3);//false
System.out.println(obj2==obj3);//false

Object obj4 = 1;
  System.out.println(obj==obj4);//true

Long obj5 = 1L;   System.out.println(obj == obj5);//false   System.out.println(obj4.equals(obj5));//false