php5中虚函数的实现

http://www.cnblogs.com/cchyao/archive/2010/06/29/1767718.html

学过C++的人都应该知道C++中有个虚函数的概念。而在php5中如何实现这个虚函数呢？请看下面的代码：

<?php
 class A {
    public function x() {
        echo "A::x() was called.\n";
    }
    public function y() {
        self::x();
        echo "A::y() was called.\n";
    }
    public function z() {
        $this->x();
        echo "A::z() was called.\n";
    }
}
class B extends A {
    public function x() {
        echo "B::x() was called.\n";
    }
}

$b = new B();
$b->y();
echo "--\n";
$b->z();
?>

该例中，A::y()调用了A::x()，而B::x()覆盖了A::x()，那么当调用B::y()时，B::y()应该调用A::x()还是 B::x()呢？在C++中，如果A::x()未被定义为虚函数，那么B::y()（也就是A::y()）将调用A::x()，而如果A::x()使用 virtual关键字定义成虚函数，那么B::y()将调用B::x()。然而，在PHP5中，虚函数的功能是由 self 和 $this 关键字实现的。如果父类中A::y()中使用 self::x() 的方式调用了 A::x()，那么在子类中不论A::x()是否被覆盖，A::y()调用的都是A::x()；而如果父类中A::y()使用 $this->x() 的方式调用了 A::x()，那么如果在子类中A::x()被B::x()覆盖，A::y()将会调用B::x()。

上例的运行结果如下：

A::x() was called. A::y() was called. 
--
B::x() was called. A::z() was called.