JavaWeb学习+实例代码

前言

会根据学习进度持续更新，觉得写的不错的可以收藏跟进。不足之处可以评论
编辑器：IDEA
JDK：11
Tomcat：9.0.54
数据库：MySQL 8.0

一、 Servlet配置

声明Servlet

• 3.0以后以注解为准

@WebServlet(name = "类名，可以不写",urlPatterns = "/类名url")

二、 Servlet应用

1. 处理数据请求

• 请求数据方式：超链接和Form表单

1.1. 超链接

• 超链接一般用于获取/查询资源，属于get类型。数据会依附在URL之后，以？分割URL和传输数据，参数之间以&相连
  • 缺点：安全性差，长度限制

1.2. Form表单

• Form用于更新资源信息，默认使用GET类型，多使用POST类型。由于POST请求类型理论上没有数据大小限制，可用表单来传比较大的数据

2. 重定向与请求转发

2.1. 重定向

• 用HttpServletResponse对象的sendRedirect()实现

  • 可以指定到任意页面

  实现类

  @WebServlet(name = "RedirectServlet",urlPatterns = "/RedirectServlet")
  public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet {
       
      @Override
      protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
       
          req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
          resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
          resp.sendRedirect("/RedirectTest");
          resp.getWriter().println("redirect test重定向测试");
      }
  
      @Override
      protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
       
          doGet(req, resp);
      }
  }
  

  测试类

  @WebServlet(name = "RedirectTest",urlPatterns = "/RedirectTest")
  public class RedirectTest extends HttpServlet {
       
  
      @Override
      protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
       
          req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
          resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
          PrintWriter pw = resp.getWriter();
          pw.println("successful成功");
      }
  
      @Override
      protected void doPut(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
       
          doGet(req, resp);
      }
  }
  

2.2. 请求转发

• 请求转发不能指定任意地址

实现类如下，测试类为RedirectTest

@WebServlet(name = "ForwardServlet",urlPatterns = "/ForwardServlet")
public class ForwardServlet extends HttpServlet {
   
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/RedirectTest").forward(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

• Forward与include区别
  • Forward以请求页面为主体，请求另一个页面
  • include把请求页面发回Servlet再次请求另一个页面，Servlet为主体
  • 响应结果都是请求页。

2.3 对数据的存取

• 重定向不传输数据，请求转发传输数据

实现类

@WebServlet(name = "ForwardAttributeServlet",urlPatterns = "/ForwardAttributeServlet")
public class ForwardAttributeServlet extends HttpServlet {
   
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        req.setAttribute("objname","jing");
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/ResultTest").forward(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

@WebServlet(name = "RedirectAttributeServletServlet",urlPatterns = "/RedirectAttributeServlet")
public class RedirectAttributeServlet extends HttpServlet {
   
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        req.setAttribute("objname","jing");
        resp.sendRedirect("/ResultTest");
        resp.getWriter().println("redirect test重定向测试");

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

测试类

@WebServlet(name = "ResultTest",urlPatterns = "/ResultTest")
public class ResultTest extends HttpServlet {
   

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter pw =