SprinngBoot开发入门三(模板引擎)

SprinngBoot开发入门三(模板引擎)

1.简介

使用springboot开发web应用程序的步骤如下:
1)、创建SpringBoot应用,选中我们需要的模块;
2)、SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来
3)、自己编写业务代码;
关于自动配置原理,在另一篇博客中有介绍
Web的自动配置的源代码在spring-boot-autoconfigure下的org.sprinngframework.boot.autoconfigure中的web文件夹下的webMvcProperties类和WebMvcAutoConfiguration类中

2.SpringBoot对静态资源的映射

既然开发web程序,肯定会有大量的html、js、css等文件,还会有图片等资源,这些都属于静态资源,Springboot的WebMvcAutoConfiguration类中配置了静态资源的映射。addResourceHandlers函数如下:

@Override
		public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
			if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
				logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
				return;
			}
			Duration cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getPeriod();
			CacheControl cacheControl = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getCachecontrol().toHttpCacheControl();
			if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
				customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
						.addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
						.setCachePeriod(getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
			}
			String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
			if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
				customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
						.addResourceLocations(getResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()))
						.setCachePeriod(getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
			}
		}

1)、所有 /webjars/** ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源;
​webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源;例如引入jquery资源,需要在prom文件中加入

<!--引入jquery-webjar-->在访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
			<artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
			<version>3.3.1</version>
		</dependency>

2)、"/**" 访问当前项目的任何资源,都去(静态资源的文件夹)找映射

"classpath:/META-INF/resources/", 
"classpath:/resources/",
"classpath:/static/", 
"classpath:/public/" 
"/":当前项目的根路径

以上路径的都是我们自己的静态资源要保存的路径,浏览器会向这些路径下面找资源。
3)、除了上面的映射外,还有欢迎界面的映射,源代码如下:

//配置欢迎页映射
		@Bean
		public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
				ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
			return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
					this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
		}

	WelcomePageHandlerMapping(TemplateAvailabilityProviders templateAvailabilityProviders,
			ApplicationContext applicationContext, Optional<Resource> welcomePage, String staticPathPattern) {
		if (welcomePage.isPresent() && "/**".equals(staticPathPattern)) {
			logger.info("Adding welcome page: " + welcomePage.get());
			setRootViewName("forward:index.html");
		}
		else if (welcomeTemplateExists(templateAvailabilityProviders, applicationContext)) {
			logger.info("Adding welcome page template: index");
			setRootViewName("index");
		}
	}

静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被"/**"映射;localhost:8080/ 找index页面
4)、自定义静态文件夹位置
在application.properties中配置如下:

spring.resource.static-locations=classpath:/你的文件夹1名字/,classpath:/你的文件夹2名字/

3.模板引擎

常见的模板引擎有JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf等,模板引擎的原理如图:
在这里插入图片描述
在SpringBoot中推荐使用Thymeleaf;它的语法更简单,功能更强大;
1)、引入thymeleaf

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
          	2.1.6
		</dependency>

如果要切换版本:

<properties>
		<thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
		<!-- 布局功能的支持程序  thymeleaf3主程序  layout2以上版本 -->
		<!-- thymeleaf2   layout1-->
		<thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
  </properties>

2)、Thymeleaf的使用
只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自动渲染;classpath指resources文件夹。
使用thymeleaf:
编写sucess.xml,放在classpath:/templates/下

<!DOCTYPE html>
 <!-这是导入命名空间 -->
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>成功!</h1>
    <!--th:text 将div里面的文本内容设置为 -->
    <div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢迎信息</div>
</body>
</html>

编写HelloController类

 @RequestMapping("/sucess")
    public String sucess(Map<String,Object> map){
        map.put("hello","你好");
        map.put("users", Arrays.asList("张三","李四","王五"));

        return "sucess";
    }

访问http://localhost:8080/sucess
3)、语法规则
th:text;改变当前元素里面的文本内容;th:任意html属性;来替换原生属性的值
在这里插入图片描述
表达式:

Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
    Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
    		1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
    		2)、使用内置的基本对象:
    			#ctx : the context object.
    			#vars: the context variables.
                #locale : the context locale.
                #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
                #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
                #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
                #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
                
                ${session.foo}
            3)、内置的一些工具对象:
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).

    Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;
    	补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
   <div th:object="${session.user}">
    <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
    <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
    <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
    </div>
    
    Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
    Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
    		@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
    Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式
    		<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
    		
Literals(字面量)
      Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
      Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
      Boolean literals: true , false
      Null literal: null
      Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:(文本操作)
    String concatenation: +
    Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
    Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
    Minus sign (unary operator): -
Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
    Binary operators: and , or
    Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)
    Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
    Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
    If-then: (if) ? (then)
    If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
    Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
    No-Operation: _ 

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