Servlet中的Response和Request

Servlet是服务器中的一个类,而Response和Request是使用Servlet编写和控制的针对于浏览器端的程序。Response是服务器向浏览器发送回应,Request是浏览器向服务器发送请求。

一、:Servlet统计访问量的例子

其中getAttribute()是根据键来获得指定名字的对象,然后判断一下,最终通过response将其写到页面上。

一个servlet上下文是servlet引擎提供用来服务于Web应用的接口,一个servlet可以通过ServletConfig对象的getServletContext()方法得到servlet上下文的引用,如果servlet直接或间接调用子类GenericServlet,则可以使用getServletContext()方法。


Web应用中servlet可以使用servlet上下文得到:
1.在调用期间保存和检索属性的功能,并与其他servlet共享这些属性。
2.读取Web应用中文件内容和其他静态资源的功能。
3.互相发送请求的方式。
4.记录错误和信息化消息的功能。


ServletContext接口中的方法 :     
1、Object getAttribute(String name)    返回servlet上下文中具有指定名字的对象,或使用已指定名捆绑一个对象。从Web应用的标准观点看,这样的对象是全局对象,因为它们可以被同一servlet在另一时刻访问。或上下文中任意其他servlet访问。       

2、void setAttribute(String name,Object obj)    设置servlet上下文中具有指定名字的对象。       3、Enumeration getAttributeNames()    返回保存在servlet上下文中所有属性名字的枚举。       
4、ServletContext getContext(String uripath)    返回映射到另一URLservlet上下文。在同一服务器中URL必须是以/开头的绝对路径。  

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class AServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
			//1 获得Application域中的统计数字,根据"count"名字获得
			Integer count = (Integer) getServletContext().getAttribute("count");
			//2 判断是否获得到统计数字
			if(count == null){
				//如果没有获得到,将数字初始化为1
				count = 1;
			}else{
				//如果获得到了,数字在原有基础上加1
				count += 1;
			}
			//3 将数字处理并放回到Application域中
			response.getWriter().write("you are the "+ count+" vistors");
			//其中“count”是键,count是值
			getServletContext().setAttribute("count",count);
	}
}
当然在Web.xml中会自动生成

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>AServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/AServlet</url-pattern>
    <url-pattern>/BServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>


二、:Response倒计时3秒跳转

通过在write()中嵌套JavaScript代码来实现页面倒计时的效果

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class BServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		//解决乱码的问题
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		//添加响应头 refresh
		response.addHeader("Refresh", "3;url=http://localhost:8080");
		
		// 页面的倒计时的效果
		response.getWriter().write("等待<span id = 'one'>3</span>秒后跳转!;" +
				"<script type='text/javaScript' >" +
				"var span = document.getElementById('one');" +
				"var i =3;" +
				"function fun(){" +
				"i--;" +
				"if(i>=0){" +
				"span.innerHTML = i;" +
				"}" +
				"}" +
				"window.setInterval(fun,1000);" +
				"</script>");
	}

}

三、:Response实现页面重定向

通过一个函数将访问页面带到首页

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class CServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		/*//1 添加302状态码   =>  告诉浏览器需要重定向
			response.setStatus(302);
		//2 添加Location响应头 => 高速浏览器重定向到哪里
			response.setHeader("Location", "http://localhost:8080");*/
		
		//该方法是对上面两行代码的封装 
		response.sendRedirect("http://localhost:8080");
	}

}

四、:Response中的编码和解码码表

我在屏蔽上面编码的情况之下,照样可以在浏览器上打印出“哈哈你好”,所以打印只用到了编码情况

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class DServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		//控制解码码表
		//response.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/html;charset=GBK");
		//控制编码码表
		response.getOutputStream().write("哈哈你好".getBytes("GBK"));
	}

}

五、:Response中图片的传输显示

先获得流然后再将两个流对接,实现传输显示,最后关闭流。

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class FServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		//判断是否有查看的权限
		
			// 1 获得图片的输入流
		InputStream is = getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/xxx1.jpg");
			// 2 获得输出到浏览器的输出流
		OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();
			// 3 两个流对接
		byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
		int len = -1;
		
		while((len = is.read(buffer))!=-1){
			os.write(buffer,0,len);
			os.flush();
		}		
		os.close();
		is.close();		
	}
}

六、:Response中图片的传输显示

设置content-type的原因是因为我们平时输出的是文本,这次输出的是别的格式的文件,所以要设置一下,与传输图片不同的是传输文档的时候要设置响应头。

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class GServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		//0 原则: 凡是响应正文中需要输出内容, 一定要设置content-type头
		ServletContext sc = getServletContext();
		String type = sc.getMimeType("abc.exe");
		response.setContentType(type);
		
		//0 设置响应头=> 提示用户保存名称   =>  Http协议不支持中文码表=> %E5%C3 => URLEncoder.encode("apache-汤姆-6.0.35.exe","UTF-8");
		response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+URLEncoder.encode("apache-汤姆-6.0.35.exe","UTF-8"));
		// 1 获得文件的输入流
	InputStream is = getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/apache-tomcat-6.0.35.exe");
		// 2 获得输出到浏览器的输出流
	OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();
		// 3 两个流对接
	byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
	int len = -1;
	
	while((len = is.read(buffer))!=-1){
		os.write(buffer,0,len);
		os.flush();
	}
	
	os.close();
	is.close();
	
	}

}

六、:Request中的一些方法

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class AServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		System.out.println("request.getContentLength(): " + request.getContentLength());
		System.out.println("request.getContentType(): " + request.getContentType());
		System.out.println("request.getContextPath(): " + request.getContextPath());
		System.out.println("request.getMethod(): " + request.getMethod());
		System.out.println("request.getLocale(): " + request.getLocale());
			
		System.out.println("request.getQueryString(): " + request.getQueryString());
		System.out.println("request.getRequestURI(): " + request.getRequestURI());
		System.out.println("request.getRequestURL(): " + request.getRequestURL());
		System.out.println("request.getServletPath(): " + request.getServletPath());
		System.out.println("request.getRemoteAddr(): " + request.getRemoteAddr());
		System.out.println("request.getRemoteHost(): " + request.getRemoteHost());
		System.out.println("request.getRemotePort(): " + request.getRemotePort());
		System.out.println("request.getScheme(): " + request.getScheme());
		System.out.println("request.getServerName(): " + request.getServerName());
		System.out.println("request.getServerPort(): " + request.getServerPort());
	}
}

七、:Request通过浏览器提交获得键值对

通过doGet()和doPost()两种方式都可以获得键值对并打印,通过访问.jsp文件的方式来进行提交页面的访问

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class BServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
			// 1 获得 所有参数的键
			Enumeration<String> en = request.getParameterNames();
			// 2 遍历所有键
			while(en.hasMoreElements()){
				String key = en.nextElement();
				//根据键 获得值
				String value = request.getParameter(key);
				
				System.out.println(key+"==>"+value);
			}
	}

	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		// 1 获得 所有参数的键
		Enumeration<String> en = req.getParameterNames();
		// 2 遍历所有键
		while(en.hasMoreElements()){
			String key = en.nextElement();
			//根据键 获得值
			String value = req.getParameter(key);
			
			System.out.println(key+"==>"+value);
		}	
	}

}
下面是jsp源代码

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
	<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
	<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
	<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
	<!--
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
	-->
  </head>
  
  <body>
    <form action="/day08-request/BServlet" method="get" >
    	用户名:<input type="text" name="name" /><br/>
    	密码:<input type="password" name="password" /><br/>
    	<input type="submit" value="提交" />
    </form>
    <hr>
     <form action="/day08-request/BServlet" method="post" >
    	用户名:<input type="text" name="name" /><br/>
    	密码:<input type="password" name="password" /><br/>
    	<input type="submit" value="提交" />
    </form>
  </body>
</html>

八、:Request解决乱码问题

用的是先解码再编码的方式,现将乱码解码成原来的码表,然后再通过其他的编码方式来编码打印
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class CServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
			String name = request.getParameter("name");
			System.out.println(name);
			//1 将乱码使用latin码表 编码回字节数组
			byte[] bytes= name.getBytes("ISO-8859-1");
			//2 将字节用UTF-8码表 解码回中文
			String name2 = new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
			System.out.println(name2);		
	}

	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		//post解决乱码,只要在调用获得参数方法前.设置解码码表即可
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		
		String name = request.getParameter("name");
		System.out.println(name);
	}

}
对应的访问jsp代码

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
	<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
	<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
	<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
	<!--
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
	-->
  </head>
  
  <body>
    <form action="/day08-request/CServlet" method="get" >
    	用户名:<input type="text" name="name" /><br/>
    	密码:<input type="password" name="password" /><br/>
    	<input type="submit" value="提交" />
    </form>
    <hr>
     <form action="/day08-request/CServlet" method="post" >
    	用户名:<input type="text" name="name" /><br/>
    	密码:<input type="password" name="password" /><br/>
    	<input type="submit" value="提交" />
    </form>
  </body>
</html>

九、:Request实现转发

通过访问DServlet来访问EServlet的内容

下面是DServlet的代码:

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class DServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
			System.out.println("我来处理业务逻辑");
			String name = "肉丝";//假设该值是从数据库中取出来.要将该值交给EServlet显示
			//将name变量放入request域
			request.setAttribute("name", name);
			
			//转发(山寨,帮助我们理解转发原理)
			/*EServlet eservlet = new EServlet();
			eservlet.service(request, response);*/
			
			response.getWriter().write("DServlet hello!");
			
			//转发
			request.getRequestDispatcher("/EServlet").forward(request, response);
			
	}

}


下面是EServlet的代码:
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class EServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		System.out.println("我来负责输出显示!");
		String name = (String) request.getAttribute("name");
		
		
		System.out.println("EServlet:"+name);
		
		response.getWriter().write("EServlet hello!");
	}

}

十、:Request包含

通过FServlet来包含GServlet,这样做的目的是,当不同的网页中有相同的内容时,我们可以通过这种技术来统一操作和修改,省去了逐个网页修改的烦恼。

下面是FServlet的代码:

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class FServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
			response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
			
			response.getWriter().write("这是第一部分!<br>");
			
			//包含
			request.getRequestDispatcher("/GServlet").include(request, response);
			
			//这个是转发的
			//request.getRequestDispatcher("/EServlet").forward(request, response);
			
			response.getWriter().write("这是第二部分!<br>");
	}

}
下面是DServlet的代码:

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class GServlet extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		response.getWriter().write("这是相同的部分!<br>");
	}

}
输入结果是:

这是第一部分!
这是相同的部分!
这是第二部分!










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