多线程编程（七）锁Lock

锁Lock

1. 两大锁接口

• Lock：支持重入、公平等锁的规则，实现类：ReentrantLock，ReadLock,WriteLock
• ReadWriteLock ：接口定义读取者共享，写入者独占的锁，实现类：ReentrantReadWriteLock

2. 可重入锁

• 不可重入锁：即线程请求他已经拥有的锁时会阻塞
• 可重入锁：即线程可以进入他已经拥有的锁的同步代码块

测试代码

public class ReentrantLockTest {

    static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            lock.lock();
            System.out.println("加锁次数" + i);
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            try {
                System.out.println("解锁次数" + i);
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
}

测试结果

加锁次数0
加锁次数1
加锁次数2
加锁次数3
加锁次数4
加锁次数5
加锁次数6
加锁次数7
加锁次数8
加锁次数9
解锁次数0
解锁次数1
解锁次数2
解锁次数3
解锁次数4
解锁次数5
解锁次数6
解锁次数7
解锁次数8
解锁次数9

3. 读写锁

• 既可以同时读，读的时候不能写，
• 不能同时写，写的时候不能读

测试代码

public class ReadWriteLockTest {

    //要访问的对象
    private Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();

    ReentrantReadWriteLock reentrantReadWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
    //读锁
    ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock readLock = reentrantReadWriteLock.readLock();
    //写锁
    ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock writeLock = reentrantReadWriteLock.writeLock();


    public String get(String key) {

        try {
            readLock.lock();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "线程读锁已加锁");
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            return map.get(key);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        } finally {
            readLock.unlock();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "线程读锁已解锁");
        }
    }


    public void put(String key, String value) {

        try {
            readLock.lock();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "线程写锁已加锁");
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            map.put(key, value);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            readLock.unlock();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "线程写锁已解锁");
        }
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ReadWriteLockTest readWriteLockTest = new ReadWriteLockTest();
        readWriteLockTest.put("key1", "value1");

        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    readWriteLockTest.get("key1");
                }
            }).start();

        }
    }
}

测试结果

main线程写锁已加锁
main线程写锁已解锁
Thread-0线程读锁已加锁
Thread-1线程读锁已加锁
Thread-2线程读锁已加锁
Thread-3线程读锁已加锁
Thread-4线程读锁已加锁
Thread-0线程读锁已解锁
Thread-3线程读锁已解锁
Thread-4线程读锁已解锁
Thread-1线程读锁已解锁
Thread-2线程读锁已解锁

结论 读锁都是在写锁之后执行