iOS6 语法新特性

WWDC2012发布了iOS6，同时为Objective C带来了一些新特性以简化编程。下面是这些新特性，需要XCode4.4及以上版本支持：

1.方法的申明顺序不再要求
在方法里面可以调用在后面申明的方法，编译器会帮助查找方法的申明，顺序不再要求。如下：

@interface SongPlayer : NSObject - (void)playSong:(Song *)song; @end @implementation SongPlayer - (void)playSong:(Song *)song { NSError *error; [self startAudio:&error];//XCode4.4以前会提示方法未定义，XCode4.4以后可以放心使用 ... } - (void)startAudio:(NSError **)error { ... } @end

2.枚举支持强类型
XCode4.4以前定义枚举使用如下方式，相当于定义了类型为int的枚举类型。

typedef enum { NSNumberFormatterNoStyle, NSNumberFormatterDecimalStyle, NSNumberFormatterCurrencyStyle, NSNumberFormatterPercentStyle, NSNumberFormatterScientificStyle, NSNumberFormatterSpellOutStyle } NSNumberFormatterStyle; // typedef int NSNumberFormatterStyle;

XCode4.4以后可以为枚举指明强类型，这样在赋值时会有强类型限制(需要在Build Setting开启Suspicious implicit conversions)。定义如下：

typedef enum NSNumberFormatterStyle : NSUInteger { NSNumberFormatterNoStyle, NSNumberFormatterDecimalStyle, NSNumberFormatterCurrencyStyle, NSNumberFormatterPercentStyle, NSNumberFormatterScientificStyle, NSNumberFormatterSpellOutStyle } NSNumberFormatterStyle;

或使用NS_ENUM宏来定义

typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, NSNumberFormatterStyle) { NSNumberFormatterNoStyle, NSNumberFormatterDecimalStyle, NSNumberFormatterCurrencyStyle, NSNumberFormatterPercentStyle, NSNumberFormatterScientificStyle, NSNumberFormatterSpellOutStyle };

3.默认属性合成

@interface Person : NSObject @property(strong) NSString *name; @end @implementation Person { NSString *_name;//这句可以省略，XCode很早就可以了 } @synthesize name = _name;//XCode4.4以后，这句也可以省略，XCode默认合成带下划线的成员变量 @end

即可以简化为：

@interface Person : NSObject @property(strong) NSString *name;//ARC开启，否则需要自己release @end @implementation Person @end

4.创建NSNumber的新语法
XCode4.4以前的创建方式：

NSNumber *value; value = [NSNumber numberWithChar:'X']; value = [NSNumber numberWithInt:12345]; value = [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedLong:12345ul]; value = [NSNumber numberWithLongLong:12345ll]; value = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:123.45f]; value = [NSNumber numberWithDouble:123.45]; value = [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES];

XCode4.4以后可简化为：

NSNumber *value; value = @'X'; value = @12345; value = @12345ul; value = @12345ll; value = @123.45f; value = @123.45; value = @YES;

XCode4.4以前，使用语句创建NSNumber：

NSNumber *piOverSixteen = [NSNumber numberWithDouble: ( M_PI / 16 )]; NSNumber *hexDigit = [NSNumber numberWithChar: "012345679ABCDEF"[i % 16]); NSNumber *usesScreenFonts = [NSNumber numberWithBool: [NSLayoutManager usesScreenFonts]]; NSNumber *writingDirection = [NSNumber numberWithInt: NSWritingDirectionLeftToRight]; NSString *path = [NSString stringWithUTF8String: getenv("PATH")];

XCode4.4以后可以通过”()”方式创建：

NSNumber *piOverSixteen = @( M_PI / 16 ); NSNumber *hexDigit = @( "012345679ABCDEF"[i % 16] ); NSNumber *usesScreenFonts = @( [NSLayoutManager usesScreenFonts] ); NSNumber *writingDirection = @( NSWritingDirectionLeftToRight ); NSString *path = @( getenv("PATH") );

5.创建NSArray的新语法

NSArray* array; array = @[ a, b, c ]; //相当于使用下面的方式创建： id objects[] = { a, b, c }; NSUInteger count = sizeof(objects)/ sizeof(id); array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:objects count:count];

6.创建NSDictionary的新语法

NSDictionary *dict; dict = @{}; dict = @{ k1 : o1 }; dict = @{ k1 : o1, k2 : o2, k3 : o3 }; //相当于如下方式： id objects[] = { o1, o2, o3 }; id keys[] = { k1, k2, k3 }; NSUInteger count = sizeof(objects) / sizeof(id); dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjects:objects forKeys:keys count:count];

7.mutable对象的创建，调用对象的-mutableCopy方法

NSMutableArray *mutablePlanets = [@[ @"Mercury", @"Venus", @"Earth", @"Mars", @"Jupiter", @"Saturn", @"Uranus", @"Neptune" ] mutableCopy];

8.静态容器对象的创建，使用+initialize方法

@implementation MyClass static NSArray *thePlanets; + (void)initialize { if (self == [MyClass class]) { thePlanets = @[ @"Mercury", @"Venus", @"Earth", @"Mars", @"Jupiter", @"Saturn", @"Uranus", @"Neptune" ]; } }

9.可变数组新的存取方式：

@implementation SongList { NSMutableArray *_songs; } - (Song *)replaceSong:(Song *)newSong atIndex:(NSUInteger)idx { Song *oldSong = _songs[idx];//使用[idx]访问子对象 _songs[idx] = newSong;//使用[idx]设置子对象 return oldSong; }

10.可变字典新的存取方式：

@implementation Database {
  NSMutableDictionary *_storage;
}
- (id)replaceObject:(id)newObject forKey:(id )key {
    id oldObject = _storage[key];//相当于id oldObject = [_storage objectForKey:key];
    _storage[key] = newObject;//相当于[_storage setObject:object forKey:key];
    return oldObject;
}