让人崩溃的mysql各种字符集的设置

1 mysql设置字符集有n多个地方，稍微有的不设置会出各种各样的问题

  字符集的地方有

   A：数据库的字符集

create database mydb character set utf-8;

alter database mydb character set utf-8;

   B：数据表的字符集

create table chengji (id int primary key auto_increment, name varchar(22), kecheng varchar(22), fenshu int) default character set utf8;

   C: 数据列的字符集

mysql> show full columns from countries;  
+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------  
| Field                | Type        | Collation       | .......  
+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------  
| countries_id         | int(11)     | NULL            | .......  
| countries_name       | varchar(64) | utf8_general_ci | .......  
| countries_iso_code_2 | char(2)     | utf8_general_ci | .......  
| countries_iso_code_3 | char(3)     | utf8_general_ci | .......  
| address_format_id    | int(11)     | NULL            | .......  
+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------